Robert Aldrich and Garry Wetherspoon, Who’s Who in Gay and Lesbian History (London, Routledge, 2005).

Ray Moseley, Mussolini’s Shadow.

Edda Mussolini Ciano, My Truth.

Rachele Mussolini and Albert Zarca, Mussolini: An Intimate Biography by His Widow (New York: William Morrow, 1976).

Andrea Niccoletti, “The Decline and Fall of Edda Ciano”, Collier’s Weekly, April 20 and April 27, 1946; these articles are generally considered pseudonymous articles written by Allen Dulles.

Joshua Arthurs, “Settling Accounts: Retribution, Emotion and Memory During the Fall of Mussolini”, Journal of Modern Italian Studies 20, no. 5 (2015).

“Mussolini Ousted with Fascist Cabinet”, New York Times, July 26, 1943.

Susanna Agnelli, We Always Wore Sailor Suits (New York: Bantam Books, 1975).

Nicola Gallerano, Luigi Ganapini, and Massimo Legnani, L’Italia dei quarantacinque giorni: Studió e documenti (Milan: Istituto nazionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione, 1969).

Eugen Dollmann, With Hitler and Mussolini: Memoirs of a Nazi Interpreter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2017), n. p. (e-book).