Patrick J. Gallo, For Love and Country: The Italian Resistance (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003).

Eugen Dollmann, With Hitler and Mussolini: Memoirs of a Nazi Interpreter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2017), n. p. (e-book).

Edda Mussolini Ciano, My Truth.

Paul H. Lewis, Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2002).

Richard Breitman, Norman J. W. Goda, Timothy Naftali, and Robert Wolfe, “The Nazi Peddler: Wilhelm Höttl and Allied Intelligence”, in U. S. Intelligence and the Nazis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

“Background of Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl”, August 5, 1949, declassified 2000, Central Intelligence Agency Archives.

Ray Moseley, Mussolini’s Shadow.

Letter, Allen Dulles to Dallas S. Townshend, December 3, 1955, AWD 25X1, declassified 2003, Central Intelligence Agency.

Howard McGaw Smyth, “The Papers: Rose Garden”.

Paige Y. Durgin, “Framed in Death”.

Leyland Harrison to State Department, February 1, 1944, RG 184, entry 3207, box 103, folder 800.2, National Archives of the United States.

Tompkins, A Spy in Rome (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1962), 171.

Mussolini and Zarca, Mussolini.