CCR: Calendar of Close Rolls
CDS: Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland
CPR: Calendar of Patent Rolls
PROME: Parliament Rolls of Medieval England
TNA: The National Archives
1 Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978).
1 J. Ayloffe, ‘XLIII. An Account of the Body of King Edward the First, as It Appeared on Opening His Tomb in the Year 1774. By Sir Joseph Ayloffe, Bart. V.P.S.A. and F.R.S.’, Archaeologia, vol. 3 (1775), p. 381.
1 Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, vol. 6 (1587), ed. Henry Ellis (London: J. Johnson et al., 1807), p. 318.
1 Matthew Paris, Flores Historiarum, vol. III (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1890), p. 324; Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland Preserved in Her Majesty’s Public Record Office, London, vols. 2–4, ed. Joseph Bain (Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1881–1888), p. 495.
2 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), p. 180.
3 Thomas Wright (ed.), The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft: In French Verse from the Earliest Period to the Death of King Edward I, 2 vols. (London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, 1866), vol. 2, p. 463.
4 Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, vol. 3, no. 1851, p. 495.
5 Matthew Paris, Flores Historiarum, (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1890), vol. III, p. 495.
6 Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, vol. 3, nos.1790, 1791, pp. 480–481.
7 Michael Prestwich, Edward I (London: Methuen, 1988), p. 556.
8 Ibid.
9 Constance Bullock-Davies, ‘Lanval and Avalon’, The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, vol. 23, no. 2 (1969), 128–42; A Companion to Marie de France, ed. Logan E. Whalen (Leiden: Brill, 2011), p. 33; for Avalon and Aballava as the Roman fortress at Burgh by Sands, see Nicholas J. Higham, King Arthur the Making of a Legend (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018), pp. 108–109.
10 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844), p. 38.
11 ‘EDWARDVS PRIMVS SCOTORVM MALLEVS HIC EST. PACTVM SERVA’, J. Ayloffe, ‘XLIII. An Account of the Body of King Edward the First, as It Appeared on Opening His Tomb in the Year 1774. By Sir Joseph Ayloffe, Bart. V.P.S.A. and F.R.S.’, Archaeologia, vol. 3 (1775), p. 379.
12 The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334: From Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. Wendy R. Childs and John Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
13 Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), pp. 72–73; Kathryn Warner, ‘Edward II Digs Ditches’ (12 March 2016), Edward II Blog, edwardthesecond.blogspot.com [accessed July 2024].
14 Flores Historiarum, p. 173, quoted in Phillips, Edward II, p. 8.
15 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), p. 3.
16 Walter de Guisborough, quoted in Marc Morris, A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (London: Windmill Books, 2008), p. 359.
17 Friedrich W. D. Brie (ed.), The Brut, or, The Chronicles of England (London: Kegan Paul, Paul, Trench, Trübner, for the Early English Text Society, 1906), pp. 196 and 203.
18 G. L. Haskins, ‘A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of Edward II’, Speculum,vol. xiv (1939), quoted in Phillips, Edward II, p. 97.
19 Justin Bengry, ‘Can and Should We Queer the Past?’, in What Is History, Now? ed. Helen Carr and Suzannah Lipscomb (London: W&N, 2021), p. 49.
20 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), pp. xl, 5; Haskins, ‘A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of Edward II’.
21 См. Savannah Pine, ‘“Comme Nostre Frere”’: Knightly Ritual Brotherhood Reconsidered’, Cultural and Social History, vol. 19, no. 3 (2022), pp. 227–245.
22 BL Add. 54180, f.107r.23 Bnf fran, 119, f. 344v.
23 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 145.
24 TNA, E 41/460.
25 ‘duos reges in uno regno, istum verbaliter, istum realiter conregnare Annales Paulini’, in William Stubbs (ed.), Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward and Edward II, vol. I, Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London: Longman, 1882), p. 259.
26 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 7, p. 5.
27 CPR, Edward II, vol. 1, 1307–1313, British History Online.
28 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 9.
1 H. M. Colvin (ed.), The History of the King’s Works, Middle Ages, vol. I (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1963), p. 505.
2 TNA, E 101/468/21, f.1v.
3 The History of the King’s Works, p. 505.
4 TNA, SC 8/318/E322.
5 The History of the King’s Works, p. 506.
6 Warwick Rodwell, The Coronation Chair and Stone of Scone: History, Archaeology and Conservation (Oxford: Oxbow, 2013), p. 47.
7 Paul Binski, Westminster Abbey and the Plantagenets: Kingship and the Representation of Power, 1200–1400 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), p. 138; Rodwell, The Coronation Chair and Stone of Scone, p. 50.
8 William Stubbs (ed.), Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, vol. I, Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London: Longman, 1882), p. 262.
9 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), p. 4.
10 TNA, SC 1/34/7; Stubbs, ‘Annales Paulini’, p. 262.
11 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 150; Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 141.
12 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 9.
13 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 11.
14 CCR, Edward II, vol. 1, 1307–1313, British History Online.
15 PROME, Edward II, April 1308.
16 Stubbs, ‘Annales Paulini’, p. 268.
17 PROME, Edward II, April 1308.
18 Ibid.; ‘Adoptivi fratis’, Stubbs, ‘Annales Paulini’, p. 273.
19 D. Lincoln, and C. Muniments, D. ii/56/1, no. 42., in J. R. Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: A Study in the Reign of Edward II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970), p. 83.
20 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 13.
21 Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, p. 92.
22 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 17.
23 TNA, E 101/375/8, f.27r, Wardrobe Accounts Edward II.
1 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 19.
2 PROME, Edward II, August 1311.
3 British Library, Add Ch 11241.
4 PROME, Edward II, August 1311.
5 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 33.
6 Ibid., p. 41.
7 Ibid., p. 45.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid., p. 47.
13 Ibid., p. 49.
14 TNA, E 101/375/8, f. 26r.
15 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 53.
16 TNA, DL 25/ 1900.
17 Elizabeth A. R. Brown and Nancy Freeman Regaldo, ‘Universitas et communitas: The Parade of the Parisians at the Pentecost Feast of 1313’, in Kathleen Ashley (ed.), Moving Objects: Processional Performance in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001).
18 TNA, E 101/375/9, ff. 24r, 24v.
19 CPR, Edward II, vol, 2, 1313−1317, British History Online.
20 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 75
1 British Library, Cotton Titus X XIX f.87r
2 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), p. 200.
3 TNA, SC 8/306/15251.
4 TNA, SC 8/263/13134.
5 TNA, SC 8/283/14119.
6 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 89.
7 Thomas Gray, Scalacronica (Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 133), Algorism; for more on Scalacronica, see Andy King, Sir Thomas Gray: Scalacronica (1272–1363), Publications of the Surtees Society, 209 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005).
8 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 91
9 Ibid.
10 The Chronicle of Lanercost, p. 210.
11 TNA, SC 8/82/4051.
1 John de Trokelowe and Henry Blaneforde, Chronica et Annales, ed. Henry T. Riley (London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, 1866), p. 95.
2 Ian Kershaw, ‘The Great Famine and Agrarian Crisis in England 1315–1322’, Past & Present, no. 59 (1973), p. 22.
3 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), p. 210.
4 Ibid.
5 James Halliwell-Phillips (ed.), The Chronicle of William de Rishanger of the Barons’ War: The Miracles of Simon de Montfort (London: Printed for the Camden Society by J. B. Nichols and Son, 1840); Matthew Paris, Flores Historiarum, (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1890), vol. III, pp. 123 and 321.
6 Jean Scammel, ‘Robert I and the North of England’, English Historical Review, vol. 73, no. 288 (1958), p. 402.
7 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 103.
8 PROME, Edward II, January 1315.
9 TNA, SC 8/170/8494.
10 TNA, SC 8/142/7085; SC8/171/8520.
11 TNA, SC 8/147/7319.
12 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 107.
13 Ibid., p. 97.
1 John de Trokelowe and Henry Blaneforde, Chronica et Annales, ed. Henry T. Riley (London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, 1866), p. 98.
2 Colm McNamee, The Wars of the Bruces: Scotland, England and Ireland 1306–1328 (East Linton: Tuckwell Press, 1997), p. 166.
3 Robert Bruce, quoted in McNamee, The Wars of the Bruces, p. 166.
4 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), pp. 225–226.
5 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 141.
6 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 151.
7 PROME, Edward II, October 1318.
8 ‘Regesta 67: 1317–1318’, in W. H. Bliss (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 2, 1305–1342 (London, 1895), pp. 165–170.
9 ‘Regesta 109: 1334’, in Bliss, Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 414–423.
10 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 161.
11 ‘1319, membranes 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1’, in H. C. Maxwell Lyte (ed.), Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward II: Volume 3, 1317–1321 (London, 1903), pp. 337–357; Membrane 1. 24 June York.
12 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 161.
13 The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334: From Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. Wendy R. Childs and John Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 97.
14 Ibid.
15 Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland Preserved in Her Majesty’s Public Record Office, London, vols. 2–4, ed. Joseph Bain (Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1881–1888), vol. 3, no. 663, p. 124.
16 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 167
17 The Chronicle of Lanercost, p. 227
18 Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 348.
19 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 167.
20 Translation in J. R. Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: A Study in the Reign of Edward II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970), p. 249.
21 Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, p. 249.
22 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. xiv.
1 PROME, Edward II, January 1316.
2 PROME, Edward II, October 1320.
3 Rachel Podd, ‘Reconsidering Maternal Mortality in Medieval England: Aristocratic Englishwomen, c.1236–1503’, Continuity and Change, vol. 35, no. 2 (2020), pp. 115–137, doi.org/10.1017/S0268416020000156, pp. 15–137.
4 Kathryn Warner, Edward II’s Nieces: The Clare Sisters: Powerful Pawns of the Crown (Yorkshire: Pen & Sword History, 2020), p. 76.
5 TNA, E 101/376/7, f. 99r.
6 TNA, E 40/15216; Michael Prestwich, ‘The Court of Edward II’, in Gwilym Dodd and Anthony Musson (eds.), The Reign of Edward II: New Perspectives (York: York University Press, 2006), p. 71.
7 F. D. Blackley and G. Hermansen (eds.), The Household Book of Queen Isabella of England, for the Fifth Regnal Year of Edward II, 8th July 1311 to 7th July 1312, The University of lberta, Classical and Historical Studies, vol. 1 (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1971), pp. 127–129.
8 TNA, E 101/376/7, f. 99r.
9 Prestwich, ‘The Court of Edward II’, p. 71; British Library, MS Add.17362.
10 Warner, Edward II’s Nieces, p. 110.
11 Natalie Fryde, The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II: 1321–1326 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p. 33.
12 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 185.
13 Register of Thomas de Cobham, Bishop of Worcester, 1317–1327, pp. 97–98, https://archive.org/details/registerofthomas00cath/page/n5/mode/2up; British Library, Cotton Mss., Nero D.X, f.110v. in PROME, Edward II, October 1320.
14 PROME, Edward II, October 1320.
15 PROME, Edward II, January 1316.
16 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), p. 230.
17 The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334: From Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. Wendy R. Childs and John Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 93.
18 TNA, SC 1/49/143; Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 367.
19 ‘par comand le Roi pur faire ent Torches tortz priketz et chaundell pur seruir loustel monsire Hugh le Despenser le fiz’, in James Conway Davies, ‘The First Journal of Edward II’s Chamber’, English Historical Review, vol. 30, no. 120 (1915), p. 676.
20 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 165.
21 PROME, Edward II, July 1321.
22 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 197.
1 Calendar of the Fine Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. 3, Edward II A.D. 1319–1327 (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1911), p. 71.
2 William Stubbs (ed.), Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, vol. I, Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London: Longman, 1882), p. 299.
3 Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1321–1324, British History Online.
4 TNA, E 403/196, m. 8; E 403/197, m. 8.
5 The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334: From Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. Wendy R. Childs and John Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 103.
6 Calendar of the Fine Rolls, p. 76; Anonimalle Chronicle, p. 103.
7 Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 400.
8 Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1321–1324, British History Online.
9 TNA, SC 8/7/336.
10 CCR, Edward II, vol. 2, 1318–1323, British History Online.
11 Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 211.
12 Ibid.
13 Lisa Benz St John, ‘In the Queen’s Best Interest: Isabella, Edward II and the Image of a Functional Relationship’, in Jeffrey S. Hamilton (ed.), Fourteenth Century England, vol. VIII (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2014), pp. 29–32; Phillips, Edward II, p. 408.
14 Anonimalle Chronicle, p. 109; Vita Edwardi Secundi, pp. 213–215; Phillips, Edward II, p. 409.
15 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 215.
16 See Mrs Bury Palliser, Historic Devices, Badges, and War-cries (London: Sampson Low, Son & Marston, 1870), p. 370.
17 CCR, Edward II, vol. 2, 1318–1323, British History Online.
18 British Library, Harley 1240 ff. 86v–87.
19 Ibid.
20 Rhiannon Cox, ‘Women on the Edge: The de Clare sisters and the Marches of Wales in the Early Fourteenth Century’ (University of Bristol); G. A. Holmes, ‘A Protest against the Despensers, 1326’, Speculum, vol. 30, no. 2 (1955), pp. 207–212.
21 TNA, SC 8/173/8631.
22 Louise Wilkinson, ‘Alice de Lacy’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2022.
23 TNA, SC 8/95/4719; for the exact details of Despenser’s illegal land exchanges, see Rhiannon Cox, ‘Women on the Edge’.
1 ‘Secresia harness’ (secret harness), TNA, E 403/196, m.8; E 403/197, m. 8.
2 ‘Regesta 112: 1323–1324’, in W. H. Bliss (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 2, 1305–1342 (London, 1895), f. 50.
3 Calendar of the Fine Rolls, 1319–1327, p. 300.
4 ‘pur lamer et la contemplacion de sa soer, la roigne Dengleterre’ in W. H. Bliss (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 2, 1305–1342 (London, 1895); Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 472; Wendy R. Childs (ed. and trans.), Vita Edwardi Secundi (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005), p. 229.
5 Bliss, Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, p. 468.
6 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 235.
7 Pierre Chaplais (ed.), The War of Saint-Sardos (1323–1325): Gascon Correspondence, and Diplomatic Documents (London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1954), pp. 199–200.
8 TNA, SC 1/49/106.
9 TNA, SC 1/49/188.
10 Phillips, Edward II, pp. 480–81; TNA, SC 1/49/106.
11 Chaplais, The War of Saint-Sardos, pp. 267–270.
12 Vita Edwardi Secundi, p. 143.
13 G. A. Holmes, ‘Judgement on the Younger Despenser, 1326’, English Historical Review, vol. 70, no. 275 (1955), p. 264.
14 ‘The French Chronicle of London: Edward II’, in Henry T. Riley (ed.), Chronicles of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London 1188–1274 (London: Trübner, 1863), pp. 248–267.
15 Roger Twysden (ed.), Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores X (London, 1652), col. 2767–2768.
16 CCR, Edward II, vol. 4, 1323−1327, British History Online.
17 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), pp. 29–32.
18 ‘Regesta 113: 1324–1326’, in Bliss, Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, ff. 50, 261d.
19 Friedrich W. D. Brie (ed.), The Brut, or, The Chronicles of England (London: Kegan Paul, Paul, Trench, Trübner, for the Early English Text Society, 1906), pp. 252–253.
20 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, p. 27.
21 CCR, Edward II, vol. 4, 1323−1327, British History Online.
22 Helen Castor, She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth (London: Faber & Faber, 2011), p. 287.
23 CCR, Edward II, vol. 4, 1323−1327, British History Online.
1 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british- history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, pp. 234–236.
2 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), p. 250.
3 Sarah McDougall, ‘The Opposite of the Double Standard: Gender, Marriage, and Adultery Prosecution in Late Medieval France’, Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 23, no. 2 (2014), pp. 206–225.
4 The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334: From Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. Wendy R. Childs and John Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 123–127.
5 Anonimalle Chronicle, p. 129.
6 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), p. 23.
7 Anonimalle Chronicle, p. 129; ‘The French Chronicle of London: Edward II’, in Henry T. Riley (ed.), Chronicles of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London 1188–1274 (London: Trübner, 1863), pp. 248–267.
8 Ibid.
9 Adam of Murimuth, Continuatio Chronicarum: Robertus de Avesbury de Gestis Mirabilibus Regis Edwardi Tertii, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp. 48–49.
10 The Chronicle of Lanercost, p. 253.
11 Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 513.
12 CCR, Edward II, vol. 4, 1323−1327, British History Online.
13 Phillips, Edward II, p. 515.
14 G. A. Holmes, ‘Judgement on the Younger Despenser, 1326’, English Historical Review, vol. 70, no. 275 (1955).
15 Anonimalle Chronicle, p. 131.
16 Rymer’s Foedera, p. 238.
17 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, p. 30.
18 Phillips, Edward II, p. 288.
19 Friedrich W. D. Brie (ed.), The Brut, or, The Chronicles of England (London: Kegan Paul, Paul, Trench, Trübner, for the Early English Text Society, 1906), pp. 252–253.
20 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, pp. 26–30.
21 Phillips, Edward II, p. 291.
22 British Library Royal MS 20, A II. 1307–1327, 11r–146v; Claire Valente, ‘The “Lament of Edward II”: Religious Lyric, Political Propaganda’, Speculum, vol. 77, no. 2 (2002), p. 433.
1 TNA, E 361/3, rot.m. 1.
2 TNA, DL 10/ 253.
3 James Bothwell and Gwilym Dodd (eds.), Fourteenth Century England, vol. IX, (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2016), p. 3.
4 James Raine (ed.), Historical Papers and Letters from the Northern Registers (London: Longman, 1873), p. 355.
5 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), p. 32.
6 Kit Heyam, The Reputation of Edward II, 1307–1697 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019), pp. 242–68.
7 Ian Mortimer, ‘Sermons of Sodomy: A Reconsideration of Edward II’s Sodomitical Reputation’, in Gwilym Dodd and Anthony Musson (eds.), The Reign of Edward II: New Perspectives (York: York University Press, 2006), pp. 48–60.
8 Archives départementales de l’Hérault, France, G 1123.
9 Ian Mortimer, ‘The Death of Edward II in Berkeley Castle’, English Historical Review, vol. 120, no. 489 (2005), 1175–1214.
10 Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 298.
11 TNA, E 361/3 rot 12, m 2.
12 Richard Barber, ‘Edward III’s Arthurianisms Re-visited: Perceforest in the Context of Philippa of Hainault and the Round Table Feast of 1344’, in Elizabeth Archibald and David F. Johnson (eds.), Arthurian Literature (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2013), p. 65.
13 Paul Doherty, Isabella and the Strange Death of Edward II (London: Constable and Robinson, 2003), p. 142.
14 ‘Roll A 1b: (ii) Nov 1327–July 1328’, in Calendar of the Plea and Memoranda Rolls of the City of London, vol. 1, 1323–1364, ed. A. H. Thomas (London, 1926), British History Online.
1 Roy Martin Haines, ‘Sumptuous Apparel for a Royal Prisoner: Archbishop Melton’s Letter, 14 January 1330’, English Historical Review, vol. 124, no. 509 (2009), pp. 885–894.
2 CCR, Edward III, vol. 1, 1327–1330, British History Online.
3 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), p. 39.
4 Andy King, Sir Thomas Gray: Scalacronica (1272–1363), Publications of the Surtees Society, 209 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), pp. 106–107.
5 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, p. 47.
6 Paul Dryburgh, ‘The Career of Roger Mortimer, First Earl of March (c.1287–1330)’ (PhD thesis, University of Bristol, 2002), p. 152.
1 Friedrich W. D. Brie (ed.), The Brut, or, The Chronicles of England (London: Kegan Paul, Paul, Trench, Trübner, for the Early English Text Society, 1906), p. 74.
2 PROME, Edward III, January 1333.
3 Ibid.
4 Ranald Nicholson, ‘The Siege of Berwick, 133’, Scottish Historical Review, 1961, vol. 40, no.129 (1961), pp. 19–42.
5 TNA, SC 8/296/14794.
6 Nicholson, ‘The Siege of Berwick, 1333’.
7 Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland Preserved in Her Majesty’s Public Record Office, London, vols. 2–4, ed. Joseph Bain (Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1881–1888), vol. 3, no. 663, pp 124, 195.
8 Brie, The Brut, p. 285.
9 The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334: From Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. Wendy R. Childs and John Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 163.
10 The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, ed. and trans. Henry Maxwell (Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1913), p. 289.
11 Brie, The Brut, p. 285.
1 British Library, Cotton MS Nero D VI, f. 31r.
2 Ormrod, W. Mark, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 186.
3 Ibid.
4 Matt Raven, ‘The Earldom Endowments of 1337: Political Thought and the Practice of Kingship in Late Medieval England’, English Historical Review, vol. 136, no. 580 (2021), pp. 498–529.
5 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844).
6 ‘Bohemian Chronicle’, Die Königssaaler Geschichtsquellen, ed. Johann Loserth, in Fontes herum Austricarum, Scriptores VIII (Vienna, 1875); Richard Barber, ‘The Round Table Feast of 1344’, in Julian Munby, Richard Barber and Richard Brown (eds.), Edward III’s Round Table at Windsor (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007), p. 38.
7 Adam of Murimuth in Barber, ‘The Round Table Feast of 1344’, p. 39.
8 Tobias Capwell, The Arms and Armour of the Medieval Joust (Leeds: Royal Armouries Museum, 2018).
9 Ulrich von Liechtenstein, Frauendienst, trans. J. W. Thomas, intro. Kelly DeVries (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2004), stanza 1429.
10 Adam of Murimuth, quoted in Munby et al., Edward III’s Round Table at Windsor, pp. 38–43.
11 See Munby et al., Edward III’s Round Table at Windsor.
12 Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War, vol. 1, Trial by Battle (London: Faber & Faber, 1990), pp. 489–490.
13 CCR, Edward III, vol. 5, 1340−1343, British History Online.
14 Matthew Heffran, ‘Edward III’s Household Knights and the Crécy Campaign of 1346’, Historical Research, vol. 92, no. 255 (2019), pp. 24–49; Matthew Heffran, The Household Knights of Edward III: Warfare, Politics and Kingship in Fourteenth-Century England (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2021).
15 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 350.
1 Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War, vol. 1, Trial by Battle (London: Faber & Faber, 1990), p. 500.
2 Michael Jones, The Black Prince (London: Head of Zeus, 2017), p. 82.
3 Craig Taylor, Chivalry and the Ideals of Knighthood in France During the Hundred Years War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 162–163.
4 Michael Livingstone and Kelly DeVries (eds.), The Battle of Crécy: A Casebook (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015).
5 Michael Livingstone, ‘Losses Uncountable: The Context of Crécy’, in Livingstone and DeVries, The Battle of Crécy, pp. 1–13.
6 The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, 1290–1360, trans. Nigel Bryant (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2011), p. 180.
7 Sumption, Trial by Battle, p. 526.
8 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844), pp. 164–165.
9 The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, p. 182.
10 Jean Froissart, Chronicles, in Lord Berners’ Translation, sel., ed. and intro. Gillian and William Anderson (London: Centaur Press, 1963), p. 99.
1 ‘Edward III Letter to Thomas Lucy’, in Michael Livingstone and Kelly DeVries (eds.), The Battle of Crécy: A Casebook (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015), pp. 55–59.
2 PROME, Edward III, September 1346.
3 Ormrod, W. Mark, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 288.
4 Ibid., p. 286.
5 Ibid., p. 290.
6 CPR, Edward III, vol. 7, 1343−1346, British History Online.
7 The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, 1290–1360, trans. Nigel Bryant (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2011), p. 201.
8 Ibid., p. 202; The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes Richard Barber (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2018), p. 80.
9 The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker, p. 80.
10 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844), p. 188.
11 TNA, SC 8/229/11401.
12 Shelagh Mitchell, ‘Ladies of the Garter: Edward III; Richard II; Elizabeth II’, Court Historian, vol. 22, no. 2 (2017), pp. 151–167.
13 Juliet Vale, Edward III and Chivalry: Chivalric Society and Its Context 1270–1350 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1982), pp. 69–71.
1 Louis Sanctus, ‘Letter’, 27 April 1348, in John Aberth (ed.), The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348–1350: A Brief History with Documents (London: St Martin’s Press, 2005), p. 33.
2 Aberth, John (ed.), The Black Death, The Great Mortality of 1348–1350: A Brief History with Documents, p. 11.
3 Michael W. Dols, trans., in Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History (1974).
4 Nicephorus Gregorus, ‘Byzantine History, ca. 1359’, in Aberth, The Black Death, p. 15.
5 James Belich, The World the Plague Made: The Black Death and the Rise of Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022), p. 54.
6 Monica Green, ‘The Four Black Deaths’, American Historical Review, vol. 125, no. 5 (2020), 1601–1631.
7 Belich, The World the Plague Made, pp. 60–63.
8 Louis Sanctus, ‘Letter’, in Aberth, The Black Death, p. 22.
9 Mary Anne Everett Green, Lives of the Princesses of England, vol. 3 (London: Longman, 1857), p. 248.
10 ‘Observations on the Most Noble Order of the Garter; Illustrated by the Accounts of the Great Wardrobe of King Edward the Third’, in Archaeologia (1844), p. 52.
11 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 1061.
12 TNA, E 101/391/16.
13 TNA, E 101/391/17; Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War, vol. 2, Trial by Fire (London: Faber & Faber, 2001), pp. 49–50.
14 TNA, E 101/312/32
15 TNA, E 101/391/17.
16 Rosemary Horrox (ed. and trans.), The Black Death (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994), pp. 41–61.
17 Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790, Gironde, Archives ecclésiastiques, Série G (Nos 1 à 920): Inventaire des Fonds de l’Archevêché et du chapitre métropolitain de Bordeaux, vol.1 (Bordeaux: G. Gounouilhou, 1892), G, C317.
18 Rymer’s Foedera, p. 1068.
19 Horrox, The Black Death, p. 250.
20 Anonimalle Chronicle, in Horrox, The Black Death, p. 62.
21 Anonimalle Chronicle, Polychronicon and Grey Friars at Lynn, in Horrox, The Black Death, pp. 62–63.
22 Eulogium Chronicle, in Horrox, The Black Death, pp. 63–64.
23 Thomas Walsingham, quoted in Horrox, The Black Death, p. 66.
24 Chronica Monasterii de Melsa, in Horrox, The Black Death, p. 67.
25‘ Wills: 24 Edward III (1350–1351)’, in Calendar of Wills Proved and Enrolled in the Court of Husting, London: Part 1, 1258–1358, ed. R. R. Sharpe (London, 1889), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/court-husting-wills/vol1.
26 Ibid.
27 W. Mark Ormrod, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 358.
28 Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London: Western MS 668 ff. 97v–98, in Horrox, The Black Death, p. 149.
29 Robert of Avesbury, quoted in Horrox, The Black Death, pp. 153–154.
30 British Library, Harleian MS 2398, ff. 93–94, in Horrox, The Black Death, p. 134.
31 British Library, Harleian MS 2398, in Horrox, The Black Death, pp. 93–94.
32 Horrox, The Black Death, pp. 126–133.
33 Ormrod, Edward III, p. 358.
34 TNA, E 101/391/18.
1 Petrarch, Epistolae de Rebus Familiaribus et variate, ed. Joseph Fracassetti (Florence, 1859), vol. I, p. 13, in Horrrox, The Black Death, p. 248.
2 William Newburgh, The History of William of Newburgh, The Chronicles of Robert de Monte (United Kingdom: Seeleys, 1856), p. 658.
3 British Library, Cotton Nero A. X, art.3, f.42.
4 Pearl, trans. Simon Armitage (London: Faber & Faber, 2017.
5 David. K. Coley, Death and the Pearl Maiden: Plague, Poetry, England (Columbus Ohio State University Press), pp. 56–77; D. Vance Smith, Arts of Dying: Literature and Finitude in Medieval England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020), pp. 152–171.
6 James Belich, The World the Plague Made: The Black Death and the Rise of Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022), pp. 83–105.
7 CCR, Edward III, vol. 10, 1354–1360, British History Online.
8 Gillian Adler and Paul Strohm, Alle Thyng Hath Tyme: Time and Medieval Life (London: Reaktion Books, 2023), p. 35.
9 Belich, The World the Plague Made.
10 Judith M. Bennett, Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England: Women’s Work in a Changing World, 1300–1600 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
11 Sarah Rees Jones, ‘Women and Citizenship in Later Medieval York’, in Deborah Simonton (ed.), The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience (New York: Routledge, 2017), p. 176.
12 Bruce Campbell, The Great Transition: Climate, Disease and Society in the Late Medieval World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), p. 287.
13 Mark Bailey, After the Black Death: Economy, Society and the Law in Fourteenth-Century England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), pp. 10–11.
14 TNA, C 54/185, m. 8d.
15 Belich, The World the Plague Made, pp. 83–105.
1 C. M. Woolgar, The Great Household in Late Medieval England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
2 Marion Turner, Chaucer: A European Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019), p. 46.
3 Hilary M. Carey, Courting Disaster: Astrology at the English Court and University in the Later Middle Ages (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1992), p. 89.
4 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp. 145–149.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid., p. 151.
7 Ibid.; W. Mark Ormrod, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 387.
8 McCauley (ed.), Froissart, Chronicles (1895), (Macmillian: London, 1913), p. 134.
9 Quoted in Ormrod, Edward III, p. 387.
10 Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, p. 155.
11 Turner, Chaucer, p. 58.
12 Stella Mary Newton, Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince: A Study of the Years 1340–1365 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1980), pp. 44–45.
13 Ibid., p. 46.
14 W. Mark Ormrod, ‘The Foundation and Early Development of the Order of the Garter in England, 1348–1399’ Frühmittelalterliche Studien, vol. 50, no. 1 (2016) p. 369.
15 Ibid., p. 387.
16 Philip E. Bennett, Sarah Carpenter, and Louise Gardiner. ‘Chivalric Games at the Court of Edward III: The Jousting Letters of EUL MS 183’, Medium Ævum, vol. 87, no. 2 (2018), pp. 304–342.
17 W. Mark Ormrod, ‘The Foundation and Early Development of the Order of the Garter’, p. 376.
18 Quoted in W. Mark Ormrod, Winner and Waster and Its Contexts: Chivalry, Law and Economics in Fourteenth-Century England (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2021), p. 18.
19 British Library, Additional MS 31042; Ormrod, Winner and Waster and Its Contexts, pp. 15–37; Turner, Chaucer, pp. 64–65.
20 British Library, Additional MS 31042, line 495.
1 Chronique de Jean le Bel, ed. Jules Viard and Eugène Déprez (Paris: Libraire de la Société de l’histoire de France, 1906), p. 256.
2 Natasha O’Hear, ‘The Angers Apocalypse Tapestry: A Fourteenth-Century Walking Tour of the Book of Revelation’, in Contrasting Images of the Book of Revelation in Late Medieval and Early Modern Art: A Case Study in Visual Exegesis (Oxford: Oxford Theological Monographs, 2011), p. 47.
3 Ibid., p. 66.
4 Ibid., p. 67.
5 Благодарю профессора Майкла Ливингстона за беседу о конных лучниках.
6 Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333–1381, from a MSS Written at St Mary’s Abbey, York and now in the Possession of Lieut. Col. Sir William Ingleby, Bart., eds. V. H. Galbraith and William Ingleby (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1927), p. 43.
7 ‘Scalacronica’, in Clifford J. Rogers (ed.), The Wars of Edward III (Woodbridge: Boydell Press 1999), p. 176.
8 David Green, The Hundred Years War: A People’s History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015), p. 51.
9 Jean de Venette, ‘Chronicle’, in Rogers, The Wars of Edward III, p. 169.
10 Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War, vol. 2, Trial by Fire (London: Faber & Faber, 2001), p. 429.
11 Ibid.
12 Marion Turner, Chaucer: A European Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019), pp. 80–82; Anne Walters Robertson, Guillaume de Machaut and Reims: Context and Meaning in His Musical Works (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 202–204.
13 Robertson, Guillaume de Machaut and Reims, p. 203.
14 Sumption, Trial by Fire, p. 431.
15 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 177.
16 Sumption, Trial by Fire, p. 438.
17 Ibid., p. 440.
18 Ibid.
19 John Le Patourel, ‘The Treaty of Brétigny, 1360’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 10 (1960), pp. 19–39.
20 Stella Mary Newton, Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince: A Study of the Years 1340–1365 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1980), p. 44; Kathleen Walter-Meikle, Medieval Pets (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2012), pp. 51–52.
21 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 412.
22 A. Bardonnnet, ‘Procèsverbal de déliverance à Jean Chandos, commissaire du roi d’Angleterre, des places françaises abandonnées par le traité de Brétigny’, in Rogers, The Wars of Edward III, p. 183; Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, pp. 181–183.
23 ‘Regesta 240: 1359–1360’, in W. H. Bliss (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 3, 1342–1362 (London, 1897), pp. 628–632, ff. 93–95d.
24 Anonimalle Chronicle, quoted in W. Mark Ormrod, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 412.
1 TNA, SC 7/22/16.
2W. Mark Ormrod, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 419.
3 Marion Turner, The Wife of Bath: A Biography (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023), p. 70.
4 Jean Froissart, quoted in Michael Jones, The Black Prince (London: Head of Zeus, 2017).
5 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 418.
6 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 185.
7 Jones, The Black Prince, p. 259.
8 Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, p. 185.
9 TNA, C 47/26/22.
10 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844), p. 339.
11 The True Chronicles of Jean Le Bel, 1290–1360, trans. Nigel Bryant (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2011), p. 260.
12 Ibid., pp. 260–261.
13 Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War, vol. 2, Trial by Fire (London: Faber & Faber, 2001), pp. 475–478.
14 Jones, The Black Prince, p. 267.
15 David Green, Edward the Black Prince: Power in Medieval Europe (Harlow: Pearson/Longman, 2007), p. 107.
16 ‘Elle introduisit la mode des corsets fendus sur les côtés et bordés d’hermine. Ceintures de soie avec plaques d’orfévrerie émaillées ou dorées, fourrures de vair, voiles de lin, voiles de soie venus de Lyon, d’Alep ou d’Alexandrie, hautes coiffures constellées de perles, tout servait à la princesse pour rehausser l’éclat de ses toilettes’: Joseph Moisant, Le Prince Noir en Aquitaine 1355–1356, 1362–1370 (Paris: A. Picard et fils, 1894), p. 109.
17 David Green, Edward the Black Prince, p. 119.
18 Richard Barber, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine: A Biography of the Black Prince (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1978), p. 183.
19 Jonathan Sumption, Trial by Fire, p. 544.
20 Jones, The Black Prince, p. 283.
21 L. J. Andrew Villalon, ‘Spanish Involvement in the Hundred Years War and the Battle of Nájera’, in L. J. Andrew Villalon and Donald J. Kagay (eds.), The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus (Boston: Brill, 2005), p. 21; Richard Vernier, The Flower of Chivalry: Bertrand Du Guesclin and the Hundred Years War (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007), p. 96.
22 Chandos Herald, Life of the Black Prince, ed. Mildred Katharine Pope and Eleanor Constance Lodge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910), p. 150.; Jones, The Black Prince, p. 284.
23 Jean Froissart, quoted in Jones, The Black Prince, pp. 287–288; Chris Given-Wilson, ‘Edward, the Black Prince, and Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France: Chivalry and Rivalry in Life and Death’, in J. A. Lutkin and J. S. Hamilton (eds.), Creativity, Contradictions and Commemoration in the Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of Nigel Saul (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2022), pp. 221–234.
24 Marion Turner, Chaucer: A European Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019), p. 112.
25 L. P. Harvey, Islamic Spain: 1250–1500 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), p. 141.
26 Turner, Chaucer, pp. 106–107.
27 Sumption, Trial by Fire, p. 553; Chandos Herald, Life of the Black Prince, p. 162.
28 Chandos Herald, Life of the Black Prince, p. 162.
29 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844), p. 371.
30 Ibid.
31 Pero López de Ayala, Chronicle of King Pedro, vols. 1–3, trans. Lord Berners, sel., ed. and intro. Gillian and William Anderson (London, 1963), p. 454.
32 Ibid.
33 Sumption, Trial by Fire, p. 554.
34 Ayala, Chronicle of King Pedro.
35 Sumption, Trial by Fire, p. 556.
36 Clara Estow, Pedro the Cruel of Castile 1350–1369 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995), pp. 242–243.
37 Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, p. 383.
38 Ibid.
39 Ibid.
40 Quoted in Jones, The Black Prince, p. 342.
41 Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, pp. 435–437.
42 Ibid.
43 Ibid., p. 459
44 Ibid.
1 The Cartulary of the Augustinian Friars of Clare, ed. Christopher Harper-Bill, (Woodbridge: Published for the Suffolk Records Society by the Boydell Press, 1991), p. 76.
2 Thomae Walsingham, quondam monachi S. Albani, historia Anglicana, ed. H. T. Riley, 2 vols., pt 1 of Chronica monasterii S. Albani, Rolls Series, 28 (1863–1864), vol. 2, p. 309.
3 London, Westminster Abbey Muniments, ‘A Wigmore Chronicle, 1355–1377’, ed. J. Taylor, in J. Taylor, English Historical Literature in the Fourteenth Century (Oxford, 1987), quoted in W. Mark Ormrod, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), p. 471.
4 Ormrod, Edward III, p. 529.
5 Ibid., p. 530.
6 Ibid., p. 534.
7 Thomas Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, 1376–1422, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes James G. Clark (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), p. 32.
8 Berwick Record Office, ZHG/I.A.
9 T. Rymer (ed.), Rymer’s Foedera (London, 1739–1745), British History Online, british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera, vol. I, p. 467; 8 August 1373 p. 466.
10 Ormrod, Edward III, p. 537.
11 E. M. Orsten, ‘The Ambiguities in Langland’s Rat Parliament, Mediaeval Studies, vol. 23 (1961), p. 221; G. Dodd, ‘A Parliament Full of Rats? Piers Plowman and the Good Parliament of 1376’, Historical Research, vol. 79, no. 203 (2006), pp. 21–49.
12 W. R. Lethaby, ‘English Primitives: The Painted Chamber and the Early Masters of the Westminster School’, Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, vol. 7, no. 28 (1905), pp. 257–269; Paul Binski, ‘The Painted Chamber at Westminster and Its Documentation’, Walpole Society, vol. 83 (2021), pp. 1–68.
13 Binski, ‘The Painted Chamber at Westminster’, p. 29.
14 Lethaby, ‘English Primitives’, pp. 11–14.
15 PROME, Edward III, April 1376; Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333–1381, from a MSS Written at St Mary’s Abbey, York and now in the Possession of Lieut. Col. Sir William Ingleby, Bart., eds. V. H. Galbraith and William Ingleby (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1927), p. 81.
16 Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333–1381, p. 82.
17 PROME, Edward III, April 1376; Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333–1381, p. 87.
18 PROME, Edward III, April 1376.
19 Ibid.
20 W. Mark Ormrod, ‘The Trials of Alice Perrers’, Speculum, vol. 83, no. 2 (2008), pp. 366–396; Laura Tompkins, ‘The Uncrowned Queen: Alice Perrers, Edward III and Political Crisis in Fourteenth-Century England, 1360–1377 (PhD thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013); Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333–1381, p. 87.
21 Ormrod, ‘The Trials of Alice Perrers’, p. 371.
22 John Gower, quoted in Ormrod, Edward III, p. 537.
23 Lambeth Palace Library, Reg. Sudbury, ff. 90v, 91r, 91v. The will is printed in A. P. Stanley, Historical Memorials of Canterbury: The Landing of Augustine, the Murder of Becket, Edward the Black Prince, 10th edn (London: J. Murray, 1909), pp. 164–171; Donald F. Logan (ed.), The Register of Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1375–1381 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2020), pp. 142–146.
24 Chandos Herald, Life of the Black Prince, ed. Mildred Katharine Pope and Eleanor Constance Lodge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910), p. 240.
25 Ibid.
26 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 27.
27 Quoted in Michael Jones, The Black Prince (London: Head of Zeus, 2017), p. 395.
28 PROME, Edward III, April 1376.
29 Logan, The Register of Simon Sudbury, p. 143.
30 ‘Ordinance by Edward the Black Prince for the Two Chantries Founded by Him in the Undercroft of the South Transept, Canterbury Cathedral’, in Stanley, Historical Memorials of Canterbury, p. 159.
31 Jessica Barker, Graeme McArthur and Emily Pegues, ‘“Fully Armed in Plate of War”: Making the Effigy of the Black Prince’, Burlington Magazine, vol. 87, no. 2 (2021), pp. 996–1007.
32 Ibid., pp. 104–106.
33 Ibid.; D. Tyson: ‘The Epitaph of Edward the Black Prince’, Medium Ævum, vol. 46, no. 1 (1977), pp. 98–104.
34 Margaret Aston, ‘John Wycliffe’s Reformation Reputation’, Past & Present, no. 30 (1965), p. 24.
35 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 30; Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp. 298–301.
36 Anne Hudson (ed.), Selections from English Wycliffe Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 1−10.
37 Nicholas Orme, Going to Church in Medieval England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021), pp. 193–194.
38 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 72.
39 Logan, Register of Simon Sudbury, p. 61.
40 Ibid., p. 61–62.
41 Anne Hudson and Anthony Kenny, ‘John Wycliffe [called Doctor Evangelicus]’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2010.
42 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 32.
43 TNA, SC 8/146/7265; Laura Tompkins, ‘Alice Perrers and the Goldsmiths’ Mistery: New Evidence Concerning the Identity of the Mistress of Edward III’, The English Historical Review 130, no. 547 (2015): 1361–1391.
44 Jean Froissart, Chronicles of England and France, trans. Thomas Johnes, vol. I (London: W. Smith, 1844), p. 510.
45 Ibid., p. 511.
46 Ormrod, Edward III, p. 578.
47 Ibid.
48 Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, p. 197.
49 An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in London, vol. I, Westminster Abbey (London, 1924), p. 30.
1 Nigel Saul, Richard II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 33.
2 TNA, SC 8/86/4257.
3 Anonimalle Chronicle, pp. 107–109, in Alison K. McHardy (ed. and trans.), The Reign of Richard II: From Minority to Tyranny, 1377–1397 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2012), pp. 28–29.
4 Thomas Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, 1376–1422, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes James G. Clark (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), p. 40.
5 ‘Westminster Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 29.
6 Saul, Richard II, p. 57.
7 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 109.
8 PROME, Richard II, November 1380.
9 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 209.
10 Ibid., pp. 207–209.
11 Anonimalle Chronicle, in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, ed. and trans. R. B. Dobson (London and Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan,1970), p. 125.
12 Ibid., p. 125.
13 Anonimalle Chronicle, in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 127.
14 The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 155.
15 Anonimalle Chronicle, in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 155.
16 Marion Turner, Chaucer: A European Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019), pp. 279–280.
17 Milan Pajic, Flemish Textile Workers in England, 1331–1400: Immigration, Integration and Economic Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023), p. 244.
18 Anonimalle Chronicle, in The Peasants Revolt of 1381, p. 163; Pajic, Flemish Textile Workers in England, p. 245.
19 Henry Thomas Riley (ed. and trans.), Memorials of London and London Life in the XIIIth, XIVth, and IVth Centuries: Being a Series of Extracts, Local, Social, and Political, from the Early Archives of the City of London, A.D. 1276–1419 (London: Longmans, 1868), pp. 459, 448.
20 Frederick Devon (ed.), Issues of the Exchequer: Being a Collection of Payments Made Out of His Majesty’s Revenue, from King Henry III to King Henry VI Inclusive (London: J. Murray, 1837), p. 217.
21 KB 27/482 rex m. 39d, in Sylvia Federico, ‘The Imaginary Society: Women in 1381’, Journal of British Studies, vol. 40, no. 2 (2001), p. 168.
22 Jean Froissart in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 193.
23 Anonimalle Chronicle, in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 164.
24 Ibid., p. 165.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid., p. 166.
28 Thomas Walsingham, in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 164.
29 TNA, 2 KB 27/482 rex mm. 37, 37d, in Federico, ‘The Imaginary Society’, p. 167; TNA, 9 KB 9/166/1 m., in Federico, ‘The Imaginary Society’, p. 168.
30 TNA, KB 27/482 rex m. 39d., in Federico, ‘The Imaginary Society’, p. 168; TNA, KB 27/484 rex m. 3, The People of 1381 Online Database, www.1381.online.
31 TNA, KB 9/166/1 m. 119, The People of 1381 Online Database.
32 Thomas Walsingham, in The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, p. 260.
33 Saul, Richard II, p. 108.
1 Geoffrey Chaucer, A Treatise on the Astrolabe, ed. Walter W. Skeat (Amsterdam: Meridian, 1978).
2 Geoffrey Chaucer, quoted in Seb Falk, The Light Ages: A Medieval Journey of Discovery (London: Allen Lane, 2020), p. 133.
3 Marion Turner, Chaucer: A European Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019), pp. 233–234.
4 Turner, Chaucer, p. 219.
5 Jonathan Hughes, The Rise of Fourteenth-Century Alchemy in England: Plantagenet Kings and the Search for the Philosopher’s Stone (London: Continuum, 2012), p. 130.
6 Ibid., p. 198.
7 Thomas Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, 1376–1422, trans. David Preest, intro. and notes James G. Clark (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), pp. 170–171.
8 ‘Westminster Chronicle’, in Alison K. McHardy (ed. and trans), The Reign of Richard II: From Minority to Tyranny, 1377–1397 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2012), p. 93; Nigel Saul, Richard II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 443.
9 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 251.
10 Ibid., p. 216.
11 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 116.
12 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 217.
13 Hughes, The Rise of Fourteenth-Century Alchemy in England, p. 203.
14 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 217.
15 ‘Westminster Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 81.
16 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 335.
17 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 224.
18 Saul, Richard II, p. 133.
19 ‘Vita Richardi Secundi’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 124.
20 Ibid., p. 127.
21 Saul, Richard II, p. 144.
22 Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, pp. 336–338.
23 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 128.
24 PROME, Richard II, October 1385.
25 Quoted in Helen Castor, The Eagle and the Hart: The Tragedy of Richard II and Henry IV (London: Allen Lane, 2024), p. 109.
26 Walsingham, The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, p. 226.
1 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 349.
2 Chris Given-Wilson, Henry IV (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017), p. 41.
3 Thomas Walsingham, in Alison K. McHardy (ed. and trans.), The Reign of Richard II: From Minority to Tyranny, 1377–1397 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2012), p. 144.
4 Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London: Letter-Book H, ed. Reginald R. Sharpe, (London, 1907), pp. 285–286, 288–289.
5 William Thorne, ‘Chronica’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 147.
6 Given-Wilson, Henry IV, p. 41.
7 PROME, Richard II, October 1386.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Henry Knighton, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 169.
12 Thomas Walsingham, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 171.
13 Westminster Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 171.
14 McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, pp. 181–182.
15 “Eulogium”, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 183.
16 ‘Westminster Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 191.
17 Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, p. 419.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid., pp. 421–425.
20 Thomas Walsingham, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 197.
21 Оригинальная петиция, которую, вероятно, подготовили еще до ноября 1387 года, хранится в Национальном архиве; см. C 65/47, m.8.
22 PROME, Richard II, February 1388.
23 Thomas Favent, quoted in PROME, ‘Richard II: February 1388’.
24 PROME, Richard II, February 1388.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 ‘Bishop Wakefield’s Register’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 220.
28 PROME, Richard II, February 1388.
29 Ibid.
30 ‘Kirkstall Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 228.
31 Ibid., p. 229.
32 Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, p. 531.
33 Thomas Walsingham, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 248.
1 Alison K. McHardy, ‘Richard II: A Personal Portrait’, in The Reign of Richard II, ed. Gwilym Dodd (Stroud: Tempus, 2000), pp. 11–32.
2 Nigel Saul, Richard II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 238.
3 Sylvia Federico, ‘The Chivalry of Richard II: 1381 and 1399’, in Dodd, The Reign of Richard II, p. 52.
4 John Gower, Confessio Amantis (Cambridge University Library, MS Dd 8.19).
5 Marion Turner, Chaucer: A European Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019), pp. 384, 392.
6 Jean Froissart, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 259.
7 Henry Knighton, Knighton’s Chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 537.
8 Helen Castor, The Eagle and the Hart: The Tragedy of Richard II and Henry IV (London: Allen Lane, 2024), pp. 193–203.
9 Calendar of Close Rolls, Richard II: Volume 4, 1389–1392, ed. H. C. Maxwell Lyte (London, 1922), pp. 25–527. British History Online.
10 ‘Brut Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 269.
11 Ibid., p. 271.
12 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 255.
13 Kristen L. Seaman, ‘Anne of Bohemia and Her Struggle to Conceive’, Social History of Medicine, vol. 29, no. 2 (2016), pp. 224–244.
14 ‘Saint Alban’s Chronicle’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 286.
15 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 255; TNA, E 364/36 rot.H.
16 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 302.
17 “Issue of the Exchequer”, in McHardy, The Reign of Richard II, p. 304.
18 Helen Carr, The Red Prince: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (London: Oneworld, 2021), pp. 204–215.
19 PROME, Richard II, September 1397.
20 Sylvia Huot, ‘An Iconography of Trauma: The Fraught Identity of Charles VI in Its Literary and Cultural Context’, Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures, vol. 12, no. 1 (2023), pp. 1–29; Robert Knecht, The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589 (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2007), p. 57.
21 Anne Curry, ‘Richard II and the War with France’, in Dodd, The Reign of Richard II, p. 35.
22 The Chronicle of Adam of Usk, 1377–1421, ed. Chris Given-Wilson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 103.
1 Calendar of Close Rolls, Richard II: Volume 6, 1396–1399, ed. A. E. Stamp (London, 1927), pp. 137–149, British History Online.
2 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in Chronicles of the Revolution, ed. and trans. Chris Given-Wilson (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), p. 54.
3 Walsingham, in Chronicles of the Revolution, p. 72.
4 ‘Close Rolls, Richard II: July 1397, pp. 137–149.
5 ‘Vita Ricardi Secundi’, in Chronicles of the Revolution, p. 55.
6 Nigel Saul, Richard II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 404.
7 PROME, Richard II, September 1397.
8 Ibid.
9 PROME, Richard II, September 1397.
10 Ibid.; “Eulogium”, in Chronicles of the Revolution, p. 67.
11 Chris Given-Wilson, ‘Richard II, Edward II, and the Lancastrian Inheritance’, English Historical Review, vol. 109, no. 432 (1994), pp. 553–571.
12 Chronique de la traïson et mort de Richart II, Roy d’Angleterre (1846), ed. Benjamin Williams, p. 19; Chris Given-Wilson, Henry IV (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017), p. 114.
13 Given-Wilson, Henry IV, p. 122.
14 Tim Thornton, ‘Cheshire: The Inner Citadel of Richard’s kingdom?’, in Dodd, The Reign of Richard II, p. 94.
15 British Library, MS Harley 1319.
16 ‘Jean Creton’, in Chronicles of the Revolution, p. 150.
17 ‘Adam of Usk’, in Chronicles of the Revolution, p. 161.
18 Chronique de la traïson et mort de Richart II, Roy d’Angleterre (1846), ed Benjamin Williams, p. 62.
19 ‘Dieulacres Chronicle’, Chronicles of the Revolution, p. 155.
20 The ‘Record and Process’, Chronicles of the Revolution, pp. 168–189.
21 Given-Wilson, Henry IV, p. 143.
22 W. Mark Ormrod, ‘The Use of English Language, Law and Political Culture in Fourteenth-Century England’, Speculum, vol. 78 (2003), 750; Given-Wilson, Henry IV, p. 144.
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