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Критическая масса: Атом и геополитикаЛитература и источники
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1. World Nuclear Association. Information Library / Energy and the Environment / Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Electricity. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-electricity.

2. Washington Post. Does Trump want Putin to get Ukraine's $26 trillion in gas and minerals? https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/12/18/trump-ukraine-gas-mineral-russia-peace-deal.

3. Project Syndicate. Eric Schmidt. We Need Energy for AI, and AI for Energy. https://www.project-syndicate.org/magazine/massive-ai-energy-requirements-achievable-with-government-strategic-role-by-eric-schmidt-2024-12.

4. Goldman Sachs Research. AI is poised to drive 160% increase in data center power demand. https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/AI-poised-to-drive-160-increase-in-power-demand.

5. Noah Smith. America is losing the physical technologies of the future. https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/america-is-losing-the-physical-technologies.

6. International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2024. https://eepir.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/WorldEnergyOutlook2024.pdf.

7. IAEA. Nuclear Power and Sustainable Development. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1754web-26894285.pdf.

8. The Power Reactor Information System (PRIS). https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/home.aspx.

9. IISS. The geopolitics of nuclear energy: new dynamics of supply and demand. https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2018/12/geopolitics-nuclear-energy.

10. World Nuclear Association. World Nuclear Performance Report 2024. https://world-nuclear.org/images/articles/World-Nuclear-Performance-Report-2024.pdf.

11. Energy Institute. Statistical Review of World Energy 2024. https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf.

12. World Nuclear Industry Status Report. https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/IMG/pdf/wnisr2024-v2.pdf.

13. Ember Think Tank. Insights. https://ember-energy.org/insights.

14. Российское энергетическое агентство. Сценарии развития мировой энергетики до 2050 года. https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/ru/seminars/EnergyDialogue/2024/Drebentsov-26012024.pdf.

15. Nuclear Energy Agency. https://www.oecd-nea.org.

16. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. https://thebulletin.org.

17. Our World in Data. Energy Mix. Explore global data on where our energy comes from, and how this is changing. https://ourworldindata.org/energy-mix.

18. Ember Think Tank. Global Electricity Review. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/05/Report-Global-Electricity-Review-2024.pdf.

19. «Ведомости». Производство электроэнергии на АЭС в мире растет. (27 ноября 2024 г.) https://www.vedomosti.ru/analytics/world/articles/2024/11/26/1077505-proizvodstvo-elektroenergii-na-aes-v-mire-rastet.

20. IEA. World Energy Outlook. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022/outlook-for-electricity.

21. Our World of Energy. What does it cost to build a nuclear power plant? https://www.ourworldofenergy.com/vignettes.php?type=nuclear-power&id=6.

22. NEI. Nuclear Costs in Context. https://nei.org/CorporateSite/media/filefolder/resources/reports-and-briefs/2024-Costs-in-Context_final.pdf.

23. World Nuclear Association. Economics of Nuclear Power. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/economic-aspects/economics-of-nuclear-power.

24. NEI. Nuclear Costs in Context. https://nei.org/CorporateSite/media/filefolder/resources/reports-and-briefs/2024-Costs-in-Context_final.pdf.

25. Energy Brain Pool. Will 2024 mark the beginning of a new nuclear era? https://blog.energybrainpool.com/en/will-2024-mark-the-beginning-of-a-new-nuclear-era.

26. European Parliament. Strategic autonomy and the future of nuclear energy in the EU. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/757796/EPRS_BRI(2024)757796_EN.pdf.

27. Gesellschaft für Anlagen– und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Nuclear energy worldwide 2024. https://www.grs.de/en/news/nuclear-energy-worldwide-2024.

28. Euronews. Europe is divided on nuclear power: Which countries are for and against it? https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/04/01/europe-is-divided-on-nuclear-power-which-countries-are-for-and-against-it.

29. Carbon Brief. Solar, wind and nuclear have 'amazingly low' carbon footprints, study finds. https://www.carbonbrief.org/solar-wind-nuclear-amazingly-low-carbon-footprints.

30. World Nuclear Association. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-electricity.

31. Volker Quaschning. Specific Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Various Fuels. https://www.volker-quaschning.de/datserv/CO2-spez/index_e.php.

32. National Library of Medicine. Comparison of cost efficiencies of nuclear power and renewable energy generation in mitigating CO2 emissions. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32820449.

33. US Department of Energy. Nuclear Power is the Most Reliable Energy Source and It's Not Even Close. https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nuclear-power-most-reliable-energy-source-and-its-not-even-close.

34. «Ведомости». Производство электроэнергии на АЭС в мире растет. (27 ноября 2024 г.). https://www.vedomosti.ru/analytics/world/articles/2024/11/26/1077505-proizvodstvo-elektroenergii-na-aes-v-mire-rastet.

35. Lazard. LCOE. https://www.lazard.com/media/xemfey0k/lazards-lcoeplus-june-2024-_vf.pdf.

36. https://www.mackinac.org/blog/2022/nuclear-wasted-why-the-cost-of-nuclear-energy-is-misunderstood.

37. IAEA. IAEA Director General's Introductory Statement to the Board of Governors. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/iaea-director-generals-introductory-statement-to-the-board-of-governors-20-november-2024.

38. World Nuclear Association. World Nuclear Perfomance Report. https://world-nuclear.org/our-association/publications/world-nuclear-performance-report/global-nuclear-industry-performance.

39. IAEA. Nuclear Power Reactors in the World. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/p15748-RDS-2-44_web.pdf.

40. World Nuclear Association. Six More Countries Endorse the Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy by 2050 at COP29. https://world-nuclear.org/news-and-media/press-statements/six-more-countries-endorse-the-declaration-to-triple-nuclear-energy-by-2050-at-cop29#:~:text=64%20reactors%20in%2015%20countries,of%20their%20first%20nuclear%20plants.

41. PRIS IAEA. https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=CN.

42. World Nuclear Association. New report highlights increase in global nuclear reactor generation & performance. https://world-nuclear.org/news-and-media/press-statements/world-nuclear-performance-report-2024-highlights-increase-in-global-reactor-generation-performance-20-august-2024.

43. World Nuclear Association. Nuclear Power in France. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france.

44. World Nuclear Association. Nuclear Power in France. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-korea.

45. IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf.

46. Nature. Critically examining research funding patterns for climate change and human health. https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00142-0#:~:text=The%20total%20toll%20from%20climate,Germany%20or%20Los%20Angeles,%20California.

47. Science. Exceeding 1.5 °C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950.

48. International Renewable Energy Agency. Renewable Energy and Jobs Annual Review 2024. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Oct/IRENA_Renewable_energy_and_jobs_2024.pdf.

49. IPCC. The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030. https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease.

50. IPCC. Доказательства очевидны: время действовать настало. Мы можем сократить выбросы вдвое к 2030 году. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2022/04/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_PressRelease_Russian.pdf.

51. IEA. Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/016228e1-42bd-4ca7-bad9-a227c4a40b04/NuclearPowerandSecureEnergyTransitions.pdf.

52. London School of Economics. What is the role of nuclear in the energy mix and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions? https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/explainers/role-nuclear-power-energy-mix-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions.

53. NEI. Nuclear energy provides nearly half of America's carbon-free electricity. https://www.nei.org/advantages/climate.

54. US Department of Energy. Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Advanced Nuclear. https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/20230320-Liftoff-Advanced-Nuclear-vPUB-0329-Update.pdf.

55. House Select Committee on Nuclear Energy. Evaluating Australia's Energy Future: Renewable Energy vs. Nuclear Power. https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=1f742288-d01c-4d07-81b4-becfbcb21c0e&subId=769052.

56. US Department of Energy. Nuclear Power is the Most Reliable Energy Source and It's Not Even Close. https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nuclear-power-most-reliable-energy-source-and-its-not-even-close.

57. NEA. Climate Change Targets: The Role of Nuclear Energy. https://www.oecd-nea.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2021-10/nuclear_energy_and_climate_change_-_cop26_flyer.pdf.

58. US Department of Energy. Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Advanced Nuclear. https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/LIFTOFF_DOE_Advanced-Nuclear_Updated-2.5.25.pdf.

59. IEA. Renewables 2024. Global overview. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024/global-overview.

60. Global X. Clean Energy Opportunities: Nuclear & Renewables Complement Each Other. https://www.globalxetfs.com.au/clean-energy-opportunities-nuclear-renewables-complement-each-other.

61. World Nuclear Report. The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2024. https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/IMG/pdf/wnisr2024-v2.pdf.

62. Sterling Thermal Technology. Types of nuclear power plants. https://www.sterlingtt.com/2023/06/07/types-of-nuclear-power-plants.

63. Energy Industry Challenges. http://www.i15.p.lodz.pl/strony/EIC/ne/technology_3_5.html.

64. IAEA. When Nuclear Waste is an Asset, not a Burden. https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/when-nuclear-waste-is-an-asset-not-a-burden.

65. Nuclear Engineering International. Russia plans 2027 start-up for Brest-OD–300 reactor. https://www.neimagazine.com/news/russia-plans-2027-start-up-for-brest-od-300-fast-reactor/?cf-view.

66. Big Think. The Great Progression 2025–2050. https://bigthink.com/progress/the-great-progression-peter-leyden.

67. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Fusion, forever the energy of tomorrow? https://thebulletin.org/premium/2024-11/introduction-fusion-the-next-big-thing-again.

68. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/fusion-energy-strategy-2024.pdf.

69. US Department of Energy. Fusion Energy Strategy 2024. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/fusion-energy-strategy-2024.pdf.

70. Fusion Industry Association. The global fusion industry in 2024. https://www.fusionindustryassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-annual-global-fusion-industry-report.pdf.

71. https://www.fusionindustryassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-annual-global-fusion-industry-report.pdf.

72. UK Atomic Energy Authority. Fusion Futures. https://ccfe.ukaea.uk/programmes/fusion-futures.

73. Council on Foreign Relations. Nuclear Power Safety Concerns. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/nuclear-power-safety-concerns.

74. Science Direct. Accident risks in nuclear-power plants. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261903000217?via%3Dihub.

75. ONR. International Safety Standards (IAEA). https://www.onr.org.uk/our-work/how-we-regulate/international-safety-standards-iaea.

76. World Nuclear Association. Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/safety-of-nuclear-power-reactors.

77. IEIA. Классификация радиоактивных отходов. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1419r_web.pdf.

78. The Conversation. The future of nuclear waste: what's the plan and can it be safe? https://theconversation.com/the-future-of-nuclear-waste-whats-the-plan-and-can-it-be-safe-181884.

79. Chemical and Engineering News. As nuclear waste piles up, scientists seek the best long-term storage solutions. https://cen.acs.org/environment/pollution/nuclear-waste-pilesscientists-seek-best/98/i12.

80. World Nuclear Association. Treatment and Conditioning of Nuclear Waste. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-waste/treatment-and-conditioning-of-nuclear-wastes.

81. World Nuclear Association. Radioactive Waste Management. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-waste/radioactive-waste-management.

82. Nature. Long-term, sustainable solutions to radioactive waste management. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-55911-y.

83. IAEA. Платформа по ММР и Инициатива по гармонизации и стандартизации в ядерной области (ИГСЯО). https://www.iaea.org/ru/uslugi/platforma-po-mmr-iUS Department of Energy. Multilateral Cooperation. https://www.energy.gov/ne/multilateral-cooperation.iniciativa-po-garmonizacii-i-standartizacii-v-yadernoy-oblasti-igsyao.

84. US Department of Energy. Multilateral Cooperation. https://www.energy.gov/ne/multilateral-cooperation.

85. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/19/09/19-00679r_web_cns.pdf.

86. The Geopolitics. How Nuclear Waste Impacts Marginalized Communities. https://thegeopolitics.com/how-nuclear-waste-impacts-marginalized-communities.

87. NEI. DECARBONIZING OUR ECONOMY: Nuclear Energy Export Policy Priorities. https://www.nei.org/CorporateSite/media/filefolder/resources/fact-sheets/nuclear-energy-export-policy-priorities-decarbonizing-our-economy.pdf.

88. Science Direct. Historical construction costs of global nuclear power reactors. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421516300106.

89. IAEA. Nuclear Decommissioning: Addressing the Past and Ensuring the Future. https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/nuclear-decommissioning-addressing-the-past-and-ensuring-the-future.

90. NREL. Nuclear Energy—Providing Power, Building Economies. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/82419.pdf.

91. IAEA. Towards a Just Energy Transition: Nuclear Power Boasts Best Paid Jobs in Clean Energy Sector. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/towards-a-just-energy-transition-nuclear-power-boasts-best-paid-jobs-in-clean-energy-sector.

92. Nuclear Newswire. Surveys reveal public support for, but some concerns on, nuclear energy. https://www.ans.org/news/article-6112/surveys-reveal-public-support-for-but-some-concerns-on-nuclear-energy.

93. Lowy Institute. Nuclear energy. https://poll.lowyinstitute.org/charts/australia-using-nuclear-power-to-generate-energy.

94. NEA. Public Attitudes to Nuclear Power. https://www.oecd-nea.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2019-12/6859-public-attitudes.pdf.

95. Competitive Enterprise Institute. Myths and Facts in Radiation Risks. https://cei.org/studies/myths-and-facts-in-radiation-risks.

96. NEI. Energy Security. https://www.nei.org/advantages/energy-security.

97. IAEA. Nuclear Power in Developing Countries. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc50inf-3-att3_en.pdf.

98. National Academies. Nuclear Exports and International Competition. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/26630/chapter/12.

99. Third Way. 2023 Map: The World Wants Nuclear Energy. China and Russia are Racing Ahead. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/2023-map-the-world-wants-nuclear-energy-china-and-russia-are-racing-ahead.

100. Third Way. Western Reliance on Russian Fuel: A Dangerous Game. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/western-reliance-on-russian-fuel-a-dangerous-game.

101. Reuters. Russia restricts enriched uranium exports to the United States. https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/russia-restricts-enriched-uranium-exports-united-states-2024-11-15.

102. Third Way. Status Report: America's Competitive Advantage in Advanced Nuclear. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/status-report-americas-competitive-advantage-in-advanced-nuclear.

103. NEI. Nuclear Energy Export Policy Priorities. https://www.nei.org/CorporateSite/media/filefolder/resources/fact-sheets/nuclear-energy-export-policy-priorities-decarbonizing-our-economy.pdf.

104. Foreign Affairs. Juzel Lloyd The Other Nuclear Race. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/other-nuclear-race.

105. Интерфакс. Выручка «Росатома» в 2024 году превысила 3 трлн рублей. https://www.interfax.ru/business/1004507.

106. «Росатом». Ключевые результаты за 2024 год. https://report.rosatom.ru/go/rosatom/go_rosatom_2024/rosatom_2024_key_results_ru.pdf.

107. «Росатом». Генерация электроэнергии. https://www.rosatom.ru/production/generation.

108. АО «СО ЕЭС». Общественное обсуждение Генеральной схемы размещения объектов электроэнергетики до 2042 года. https://www.so-ups.ru/future-planning/public-discussion-genshema/2042.

109. «Глобальная энергия». Атомный ренессанс заставляет энергетические компании продлевать сроки работы старых АЭС. https://globalenergyprize.org/ru/2024/12/18/atomnyj-renessans-zastavljaet-jenergeticheskie-kompanii-prodlevat-sroki-raboty-staryh-ajes.

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111. «Энергетическая политика». Атомный взлет. https://energypolicy.ru/atomnyj-vzlet/energetika/2024/13/26.

112. «Атомная энергия». Алексей Лихачев, Росатом: «Наш портфель зарубежных заказов стабильно держится на уровне $200 млрд». https://www.atomic-energy.ru/interviews/2022/12/26/131574.

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114. PRIS IAEA. In Operation & Suspended Operation. https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/WorldStatistics/OperationalReactorsByCountry.aspx.

115. PRIS IAEA. Under Construction. https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/WorldStatistics/UnderConstructionReactorsByCountry.aspx.

116. «Росатом». Годовой отчет 2023. https://www.report.rosatom.ru/go/rosatom/go_rosatom_2023/rosatom_2023_ru.pdf.

117. Энергетическая стратегия Российской Федерации на период до 2035 года. http://static.government.ru/media/files/w4sigFOiDjGVDYT4IgsApssm6mZRb7wx.pdf.

118. ТАСС. Мишустин заявил, что РФ будет развивать космическую ядерную энергетику. https://tass.ru/kosmos/21596145.

119. «Газета.uz». «Малая АЭС будет в собственности Узбекистана, ядерные отходы вывезут в Россию». https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2024/10/15/nuclear-power-station/.

120. Политех. Эксперты АО «Прорыв» поделились опытом создания объектов новой атомной энергетики со студентами ИСИ. https://ice.spbstu.ru/news/eksperty_ao_proryv_podelilis_opytom_sozdaniya_obektov_novoy_atomnoy_energetiki_so_studentami_isi.

121. «Атомная энергия». Российский «ТВЭЛ» провел в Сочи инновационную конференцию «Ядерное топливо нового поколения для АЭС». https://www.atomic-energy.ru/news/2024/10/11/150233.

122. «Атомная энергия». Балаковская АЭС после планового ремонта включила в сеть первый энергоблок ВВЭР–1000 с инновационным РЕМИКС-топливом. https://www.atomic-energy.ru/news/2024/12/02/151587.

123. «Атомная энергия». Развитие контейнеров для отработавшего ядерного топлива энергетических реакторов типа ВВЭР с 2016 года и на горизонте до 2035 года. https://www.atomic-energy.ru/articles/2024/09/10/148913.

124. World Nuclear Association. Nuclear Power in Russia. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power.

125. «Вестник Атомпрома». https://atomvestnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/%D0%92%D0%90_08_2024_spread.pdf.

126. ТАСС. Выручка Росатома к 2030 году должна вырасти до 5 трлн рублей. https://tass.ru/ekonomika/20918659.

127. Kremlin.ru. «Участникам торжественного совместного заседания, посвященного Дню российской науки и 80-летию атомной отрасли России». http://kremlin.ru/events/president/letters/76218.

128. «Независимая газета». Мирный атом на защите технологического суверенитета. 17.06.2023. https://www.ng.ru/economics/2023-06-17/100_2306171800.html.

129. «Энергетическая политика». Значение новой технологической платформы для ядерной энергетики России 17.06.2024. https://energypolicy.ru/znachenie-novoj-tehnologicheskoj-platformy-dlya-yadernoj-energetiki-rossii/energetika/2024/06/17.

130. «Российская газета». Турбина к пуску готова. 19.02.2025. https://rg.ru/2025/02/19/turbina-k-pusku-gotova.html.

131. LNG Expert. Россия инвестирует 46,9 млрд рублей в новые атомные и энергетические технологии. https://lng.expert/2024/10/rossiya-investiruet-46-9-mlrd-rublej-v-novye-atomnye-i-energeticheskie-tehnologii.

132. MASHNEWS. Национальный проект «Новые атомные и энергетические технологии» профинансируют из бюджета только на треть. https://mashnews.ru/naczionalnyij-proekt-novyie-atomnyie-i-energeticheskie-texnologii-profinansiruyut-iz-byudzheta-tolko-na-tret.html.

133. РСМД. Индонезии – мирный атом, России – новый рынок. https://russiancouncil.ru/blogs/snofmo/indonezii-mirnyy-atom-rossii-novyy-rynok.

134. ТАСС. Росатом ориентируется на создание десятков плавучих АЭС для РФ и зарубежных партнеров. https://tass.ru/ekonomika/21035745.

135. RUSI. Power Plays Developments in Russian Enriched Uranium Trade. https://static.rusi.org/SR-power-plays-web-final.pdf.

136. «Страна Росатом». Малые АЭС могут работать в экстремальных условиях. https://strana-rosatom.ru/2024/10/23/malye-aes-mogut-rabotat-v-ekstremal.

137. «Страна Росатом». ПАТЭС на экспорт: зачем «Росатом» строит плавучие энергоблоки. https://strana-rosatom.ru/2024/12/01/pates-na-eksport-zachem-rosatom-stro.

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145. ТАСС. Рубио: Иран считает обогащение урана предметом национальной гордости. https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/23997323.

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