Экономическая

⁶¹⁰Pessen E. The Egalitarian Myth and American Social Reality: Wealth, Mobility and Equality in the Era of the Common Man // American Historical Review, 76 1971. Р. 1017, 1019–1026.

⁶¹¹ Общая картина выглядела так:

(Jaher F.C. Nineteenth Century Elites in Boston and New York // Journal of Social History, 5 (Fall.1972). P 37–39, 42, 55.)

⁶¹²Gregory F., Neu I. The American Industrial Elite in the 1870’s: Their Social Origins // Men in Business: Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship. Ed. by W. Miller. Cambridge, 1952. Р. 202–203.

⁶¹³Miller W. The Recruitment of the Business Elite // Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. LXIV, N 2 May 1950. Р. 201, 252.

⁶¹⁴ Исследование биографий 1464 бизнесменов, родившихся до 1879 г., помещенных в «Американском биографическом словаре» словаре, дало следующие данные:

(Mills W The American Business Elite: A Collective Portrait. P. 30, 32.)

⁶¹⁵Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Р. 192.

⁶¹⁶Миллс Р. Властвующая элита. С. 140–141, 144, 173–176, 502.

⁶¹⁷Bendix R., Howton F.W. Social Mobility and the American Business Elite // The British Journal of Sociology, IX, 1 (March, 1958). Р. 122; Kaelble H. Social Mobility in the 19th and 20^th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective. St.Martin’s Press, 1985. Р. 100, 115.

⁶¹⁸Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class: Strategic Elites in Modern Society. Р. 294.

⁶¹⁹Newcomer M. The Chief Executives of Large Business Corporations. Р. 21, 26, 11.

⁶²⁰Mills W. The American Business Elite: A Collective Portrait // The Tasks of Economic History. Supplement to the Journal of Economic History. V Desember 1945. Р. 30, 32–33, 37.

⁶²¹Kaelble H. Social Mobility in the 19th and 20^th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective. Р. 109.

⁶²²Bendix R. Higher Civil Servants in American Society // University of Colorado Studies, Series in Sociology, 1 July, 1949. Р. 26.

⁶²³ The Nine Hundred // Fortune, November 1952. Р. 235.

⁶²⁴Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class: Strategic Elites in Modern Society. Р. 294; Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Р. 57.

⁶²⁵Marger M. Elites and Masses: an Introduction to Political Sociology. Р. 169–171.

⁶²⁶Prewitt K., Stone A. The Ruling Elites. NY., Harper and Row, 1973. Р. 137.

⁶²⁷Barton A.H. Background, Attitudes, and Activities of American Elites // Studies of the structure of national elite groups. Ed. by G. Moore. Greenwich and London, 1985. Р. 179.

⁶²⁸Marger M. Elites and Masses: an Introduction to Political Sociology. Р. 169–171.

⁶²⁹Kaelble H. Social Mobility in the 19th and 20^th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective. Р. 109.

⁶³⁰Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Р. 61, 192.

⁶³¹Perkin H.J. The Third Revolution: professional elites in the modern world. Р. 13.

⁶³²Kaelble H. Social Mobility in the 19th and 20^th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective. Р. 103; Perkin H.J. The Third Revolution: professional elites in the modern world. Р. 13, 17.

⁶³³Бирнбаум П., Барук Ш. Беллэш М, Марие А. Французский правящий класс. С. 124–130.

⁶³⁴Perkin H.J. The Third Revolution: professional elites in the modern world. Р. 113.

⁶³⁵Kaelble H. Social Mobility in the 19th and 20^th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective. Р. 101.

⁶³⁶Hoffman-Lange U., Neumann H., Steinkemper B. Conflict and Consensus among Elites in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 248–249.

⁶³⁷Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 53.

⁶³⁸Kaelble H. Social Mobility in the 19th and 20^th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective. Р. 105, 115.

⁶³⁹Галкин А.А. Правящая элита современного капитализма. С. 81–82; Бурлацкий Ф.М., Галкин А.А. Социология. Политика. Международные отношения. С. 146.

⁶⁴⁰Yanagisako S. Patriarchal Desire: Law and Sentiments of Succession in Italian Capitalist Families // Elites: choice, leadership and succession. Ed. by Pina-Cabral de J., Pedroso de Lima A. Oxford – NY, 2000. P. 70.

⁶⁴¹Pedroso de Lima A. «How Did I Became a Leader in My Family Firm?» Assets for Succession in Contemporary Lisbon Financial Elites // Elites: choice, leadership and succession. P. 44–45.

⁶⁴²Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Р. 18, 25–26, 29, 31, 43, 48, 104, 137, 143, 152, 213, 217.

⁶⁴³Granick D. Managerial Comparisons of Four Developed Countries: France, Britain, United States, and Russia. Р. 192.

Политическая

⁶⁴⁴Миллс Р. Властвующая элита. С. 527–531.

⁶⁴⁵Miller W. The Recruitment of the Business Elite // Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. LXIV, N 2 May 1950. Р. 252.

⁶⁴⁶Marger M. Elites and Masses: an Introduction to Political Sociology. Р. 168.

⁶⁴⁷Matthews D.R. The Social Background of Political Decision-Makers. Р. 23.

⁶⁴⁸Zweigenhaft R. Who Represents America? // Insurgent Sociologist 1975 (Spring). Р. 123, 126–127.

⁶⁴⁹Aberbach J.D., Rockman B.A. The Overlapping Worlds of American Federal Executives and Congressmen. Р. 27.

⁶⁵⁰Barton A.H. Background, Attitudes, and Activities of American Elites // Studies of the structure of national elite groups. Ed. by G. Moore. Greenwich and London, 1985. Р. 179.

⁶⁵¹ Состав по происхождению членов консервативных (К), либеральных (Л) и лейбористских (Р) кабинетов выглядел следующим образом (%):

(Matthews D.R. The Social Background of Political Decision-Makers. Р. 43; Arnstein W.L. The Survival of the Victorian Aristocracy // The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful; Elites and Upper Classes in History. Ed. by F.C. Jaher. Urbana— Chicago-London, 1973. Р. 210.)

⁶⁵²Laski H.J. The Personnel of the British Cabinet, 1801–1924 // American Political Science Review, Vol. 22 (1), 1928. Р. 21, 28.

⁶⁵³Matthews D.R. The Social Background of Political Decision-Makers. Р. 44, 46; Guttsman W.L. The Changing Social Structure of the British Political Elite // British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 2 (2), 1951. Р. 126; Guttsman W.L. Elite Recruitment and Political Leadership in Britain and Germany since 1950. P. 112; Guttsman W.L. The British Political Elite. Р. 79.

⁶⁵⁴Hanby V.J. A Changing Labour Elite: The National Executive Committee of the Labour Party 1900—72 // Elites in Western democracy. P. 129, 147.

⁶⁵⁵Johnson R.W. The British Political Elite 1955–1970 // European Journal of Sociology, Vol. 14, No. 1, June 1973. Р. 49–50, 52.

⁶⁵⁶Matthews D.R. The Social Background of Political Decision-Makers. Р. 49.

⁶⁵⁷Guttsman W.L. Elite Recruitment and Political Leadership in Britain and Germany since 1950. Р. 112.

⁶⁵⁸Eldersveld S.J. Changes in Elite Composition and the Survival of Party Sistems: The German Case // Does who governs matter? Elite circulation in contemporary societies. P. 86.

⁶⁵⁹ Государственная служба основных капиталистических стран. С. 243–244.

⁶⁶⁰Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 53, 58.

⁶⁶¹Hoffman-Lange U., Neumann H., Steinkemper B. Conflict and Consensus among Elites in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 248–249.

⁶⁶²Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 53, 58.

⁶⁶³Hamon L. The Members of the French Parliament // International Social Science Journal, XIII, 4 (1961). Р. 549–550.

⁶⁶⁴Cayrol R., Perrineau P. Governing Elites in a Changing Industrial Society” The Case of France // Does who governs matter? Elite circulation in contemporary societies. Р. 102.

⁶⁶⁵ Ibid. P. 92.

⁶⁶⁶ Ibid. P. 101.

⁶⁶⁷ Доля некоторых социальных групп в составе министров Италии конца XIX – начала XX вв. выглядела следующим образом:

(Who Governs Southern Europe?: Regime Change and Ministerial Recruitment, 1850–2000. Р. 126.)

⁶⁶⁸Levis P.H. Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes. Westport, 2002. Р. 181.

⁶⁶⁹ Доля итальянских депутатов, избранных впервые по партиям выглядела так:

(Gotta M. The Italian Political Class in the Twentieth Century: Continuities and Discontinuities // Does who governs matter? Elite circulation in contemporary societies. Р 160–164, 178.)

⁶⁷⁰Gotta M. The Italian Political Class in the Twentieth Century: Continuities and Discontinuities. Р. 160–164, 178).

⁶⁷¹Linz J.J., Gangas P., Jerez M. Spanish Diputados: From the Restoration to Consolidated Democracy // Parliamentary Representatives in Europe 1848–2000. Legislative recruitments and Careers in Eleven European Countries. P. 380, 396.

⁶⁷² Parliamentary Representatives in Europe 1848–2000. P. 349.

⁶⁷³Волков М.С. Правящая элита Испании второй половины XX в. С. 105.

⁶⁷⁴Levis P.H. Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes. Р. 181.

⁶⁷⁵ Соотношение между старой и новой аристократией было следующим:

(Who Governs Southern Europe?: Regime Change and Ministerial Recruitment, 1850–2000. Р. 101.)

⁶⁷⁶ Parliamentary Representatives in Europe 1848–2000. P. 355.

⁶⁷⁷ Who Governs Southern Europe?: Regime Change and Ministerial Recruitment, 1850–2000. Р. 163, 186, 194.

⁶⁷⁸ Доля депутатов из политических семей по партиям выглядела так:

(Legg K. Restoration Elites: Regime Change in Greece // Does who governs matter? Elite circulation in contemporary societies. P. 204, 207.)

⁶⁷⁹Daalder H., Berg van der J.T.J. Members of the Dutch Lower House: Pluralism and Democratization, 1848–1967 // Does who governs matter? Elite circulation in contemporary societies. P. 220–222.

⁶⁸⁰ Parliamentary Representatives in Europe 1848–2000. P. 55.

⁶⁸¹Aberbach J.D., Robert D. Putnam R.D., Rockman B.A. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Р. 53, 55, 63, 73–75.

⁶⁸² Ibid. P. 60; Perkin H.J. The Third Revolution: professional elites in the modern world. Р. 12.

⁶⁸³ Parliamentary Representatives in Europe 1848–2000. Legislative recruitments and Careers in Eleven European Countries. Р. 35, 71, 106, 160, 219, 243, 291, 329, 480.

⁶⁸⁴ Ibid. P. 43, 63–69, 99—105, 153, 155–159, 205, 214, 216, 221, 234–241, 284–289, 321–327, 346, 352, 359, 378, 409, 414, 416, 442, 474–479.

⁶⁸⁵Drake P.W. The Political Responses of the Chilean Upper Class to the Great Depression and the Threat of Socialism, 1931–1933 // The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful; Elites and Upper Classes in History. Ed. by F.C. Jaher. Urbana-Chicago-London. 1973. P. 314.

⁶⁸⁶Bill J.A. The Patterns of Elite Politics in Iran. Р. 36.

⁶⁸⁷Frey F.W. Patterns of Elite Politics in Turkey. Р. 57.

⁶⁸⁸Marr Ph. A. The Political Elite in Iraq. Р. 114, 116, 128, 133–134.

⁶⁸⁹Torrey G.H. Aspects of the Political Elite in Syria // Political Elites in the Middle East. Р. 154–155.

⁶⁹⁰ Состав парламента по занятиям (%) был следующим:

(Harik I.F. Political Elite of Lebanon // Political Elites in the Middle East. Р 201–203, 208–211.)

⁶⁹¹Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Tokyo. Р. 137, 143.

⁶⁹²Волков С.В. Советский истеблишмент. С. 301–303.

Административная и военная

⁶⁹³Миллс Р. Властвующая элита. С. 283–284.

⁶⁹⁴Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class: Strategic Elites in Modern Society. P. 297, 307–308.

⁶⁹⁵Bendix R. Higher Civil Servants in American Society // University of Colorado Studies, Series in Sociology, 1 July, 1949. Р. 26, 29.

⁶⁹⁶Marger M. Elites and Masses: an Introduction to Political Sociology. P. 168.

⁶⁹⁷Aberbach J.D., Rockman B.A. The Overlapping Worlds of American Federal Executives and Congressmen. Р. 27.

⁶⁹⁸Barton A.H. Background, Attitudes, and Activities of American Elites // Studies of the structure of national elite groups. Ed. by G. Moore. Greenwich and London, 1985. Р. 179.

⁶⁹⁹Marger M. Elites and Masses: an Introduction to Political Sociology. P. 168.

⁷⁰⁰Kelsall R.K. Higher Civil Servants in Britain from 1870 to the Present Day. Р. 15, 150–151, 153, 157. По типам назначения и принятым в английской статистике социальным классам (1 – профессионалы, кроме учителей, офицеры и чиновники административного класса и равные, 2 – учителя, собственники и менеджеры всех видов бизнеса и прочие чиновники, 3 – прочие клерки, мастера и квалифицированные рабочие, 4 – полуквалифицированные рабочие, 5 – неквалифицированные рабочие) происхождение высших чиновников выглядело так:

⁷⁰¹Bendix R. Higher Civil Servants in American Society. P. 29.

⁷⁰²Runge W. Politik und Beamtentum in Parteienstaat. Stuttgart, 1965. S. 186, 244.

⁷⁰³ Государственная служба основных капиталистических стран. С. 237.

⁷⁰⁴Hoffman-Lange U., Neumann H., Steinkemper B. Conflict and Consensus among Elites in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 248–249.

⁷⁰⁵Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 53, 58.

⁷⁰⁶Бирнбаум П., Барук Ш. Беллэш М, Марие А. Французский правящий класс. С. 124–130.

⁷⁰⁷Bottomore T. La Mobilite Sociale dans la Haute Administration Francaise // Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie, XIII (1952). Р. 169, 174.

⁷⁰⁸Dellbasch Ch. Science administrative. Paris, 1971. P. 421; Государственная служба основных капиталистических стран. С. 190; Крылова И.С. Аппарат государственного управления современной Франции. С. 124.

⁷⁰⁹Darbel A., Schnapper D. Morphologie de la haute administration francaise. Paris, 1969. P. 18.

⁷¹⁰Anton T.J., Linde C., Mellbourn A. Bureaucrats in Politics: A Profile of the Swedish Administrative Elite // Canadian Public Administration, 16 (Winter 1973). Р. 630, 632–634.

⁷¹¹Sobral J.V. Family, Power and Property: Ascendancy and Decline of a Rural Elite // Elites: choice, leadership and succession. P. 162.

⁷¹²Aberbach J.D., Robert D. Putnam R.D., Rockman B.A. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Р. 55, 63, 74.

⁷¹³Schmidhauser J.R. The Circulation of Judicial Elites: A Comparative and Longitudinal Perspective // Does who governs matter? Elite circulation in contemporary societies. P. 44.

⁷¹⁴ Political Leadership in Korea. Seattle-London., 1976. P. 95–96.

⁷¹⁵Родригес-Фернандес А.М. Формирование современной бюрократической элиты Саудовской Аравии // Вестник МГУ (Востоковедение). 1979. № 3. С. 30.

⁷¹⁶Азарх А.Э. Государственные служащие Индии. С. 96–97, 106.

⁷¹⁷Федоров В.А. Армия и политический режим в Таиланде. С. 32.

⁷¹⁸Миллс Р. Властвующая элита. С. 245–248, 519–521.

⁷¹⁹Janowitz M. The Professional Soldier. NY., 1960. Р. 90–92, 99.

⁷²⁰RazzellP.E. Social Origins of Officers in the Indian and British Home Army, 1758–1962 // British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 14 (3), 1963. Р. 253.

⁷²¹Otley C.B. The Social Origins of British Army Officers. Р. 218, 220.

⁷²²Sampson A. The New Anatomy of Britain. Р. 309, 311, 316.

⁷²³Hoffman-Lange U., Neumann H., Steinkemper B. Conflict and Consensus among Elites in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 248–249.

⁷²⁴Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 53, 58.

⁷²⁵Бирнбаум П., Барук Ш. Беллэш М, Марие А. Французский правящий класс. С. 124–130.

⁷²⁶Волков М.С. Правящая элита Испании второй половины XX в. С. 34.

⁷²⁷Словесная Н.Г. Интеллигенция Таиланда / С. 111–112.

⁷²⁸Волков С.В. Советский истеблишмент. С. 330.

Интеллектуальная и культурная

⁷²⁹Jensen R. Metropolitan Elites in the Midwest, 1907–1929: A Study in Multivariate Collective Biography // The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful; Elites and Upper Classes in History. Ed. by F.C. Jaher. Urbana – Chicago – London, 1973. P. 291–292.

⁷³⁰Miller W. American Lawyers in Business and Politics // Yale Law Journal. Vol. LX. N 1. January 1951. Р. 68–69.

⁷³¹Krueger T.A., Glidden W. The New Deal Intellectual Elite: A Collective Portrait // The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful; Elites and Upper Classes in History. Ed. by F.C. Jaher. Urbana-Chicago-London, 1973. P. 348–354.

⁷³²Paetzold G. Untersuchungen zu wissenschaftlichen Nobelpreisen // Wis-senschaftswiss. Beitr./Sekt. Wissenschaftstheorie und – organization der Humboldt-Univ. zu Berlin, 1982. H. 17. S. 48–49.

⁷³³Knapp R.N., Goodrich H.B. The Origins of American Scientists // Studies in Motivations. Ed. by D.C. McClelland. NY., 1955. Р. 349–350.

⁷³⁴Lazarsfeld P.F., Wagner T.J. The Academic Mind. NY., The Free Press of Glencoe, 1958. P. 7, 10.

⁷³⁵Миллс Р. Властвующая элита. С. 113.

⁷³⁶Barton A.H. Background, Attitudes, and Activities of American Elites // Studies of the structure of national elite groups. Ed. by G. Moore. Greenwich and London, 1985. Р. 179.

⁷³⁷Миллс Р. Властвующая элита. С. 113.

⁷³⁸Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class: Strategic Elites in Modern Society. P. 301–303.

⁷³⁹Willhelm S., Sjoberg G. The Social Characteristics of Entertainers // Social Forces, XXXVII, No. 1 (October, 1958). Р.71.

⁷⁴⁰Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class: Strategic Elites in Modern Society. P. 301–303.

⁷⁴¹Morgan D.H.J. The Social and Educational Background of Anglican Bishops: Continuities and Changes // British Journal of Sociology, vol. 20 (3), September 1969. Р. 297.

⁷⁴²Hoffman-Lange U., Neumann H., Steinkemper B. Conflict and Consensus among Elites in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 248–249.

⁷⁴³Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Р. 53, 58.

⁷⁴⁴Бирнбаум П., Барук Ш. Беллэш М, Марие А. Французский правящий класс. С. 124–130.

⁷⁴⁵Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Р. 137, 143.

⁷⁴⁶Bill J.A. The Patterns of Elite Politics in Iran. Р. 37

⁷⁴⁷Волков С.В. Советский истеблишмент. С. 352.

⁷⁴⁸Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class: Strategic Elites in Modern Society. P. 310–312.

⁷⁴⁹Hoffman-Lange U. Structural Prerequisites of Elite Integration in the Federal Republic of Germany. P. 53.

⁷⁵⁰Бирнбаум П., Барук Ш. Беллэш М, Марие А. Французский правящий класс. С. 124–130.

⁷⁵¹Higley J., Deacon D. The Australian National Elite in the 1970s and 1980s // Studies of the structure of national elite groups. Ed. by G. Moore. Greenwich and London, 1985. P. 104–105.

⁷⁵²Mannari H. The Japanese Business Leaders. Р. 137, 143.