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Код долголетия. 12 понятных и доступных способов сохранить здоровье, ясность ума и привлекательность на долгие годыСписок литературы
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Глава 1

1. Olshansky, S. J., et al. “A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century.” New England Journal of Medicine 352, no. 11 (2005): 1138–1145.

2. “Life Expectancy in the USA, 1900–98.” Открыто по адресу http://u.demog.berkeley.edu/~andrew/1918/figure2.html.

3. Tippett, R. “Mortality and Cause of Death, 1900 v. 2010.” Carolina Demography, June 16, 2014. Открыто по адресу http://demography.cpc.unc.edu/2014/06/16/mortality-and-cause-of-death-1900-v-2010/.

4. “Statistical Fact Sheet, 2013 Update: Older Americans & Cardiovascular Diseases.” American Heart Association. Открыто по адресу www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319574.pdf.

5. “Cancer Incidence Statistics.” Cancer Research UK. Открыто по адресу www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/incidence/age-heading-Zero.

6. De Grey, A. “Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations.” Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology 1, no. 1 (2007).

7. “Using Yeast in Biology.” Your Genome. Открыто по адресу www.yourgenome.org/stories/using-yeast-in-biology.

8. Kachroo, A. H., et al. “Evolution. Systematic Humanization of Yeast Genes Reveals Conserved Functions and Genetic Modularity.” Science 348, no. 6237 (2015): 921–925.

9. “Why Mouse Matters.” National Human Genome Research Institute, July 23, 2010. Открыто по адресу www.genome.gov/10001345/.

10. Kirkwood, T. B., and R. Holliday. “The Evolution of Ageing and Longevity.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 205, no. 1161 (1979): 531–546.

11. Kirkwood, T. B. “Understanding the Odd Science of Aging.” Cell 120, no. 4 (2005): 437–447.

12. Ristow, M., et al. “Antioxidants Prevent Health-Promoting Effects of Physical Exercise in Humans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, no. 21 (2009): 8665–8670.

13. Pak, J. W., et al. “Rebuttal to Jacobs: The Mitochondrial Theory of Aging: Alive and Well.” Aging Cell 2, no. 1 (2003): 9–10.

14. Rasmussen, U. F., et al. “Experimental Evidence Against the Mitochondrial Theory of Aging. A Study of Isolated Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria.” Experimental Gerontology 38, no. 8 (2003): 877–886.

15. Vermulst, M., et al. “Mitochondrial Point Mutations Do Not Limit the Natural Lifespan of Mice.” Nature Genetics 39, no. 4 (2007): 540–543.

16. Inglis-Arkell, E. “The Ironic End of the Man Who Made Himself Immune to Poison.” Gizmodo io9, January 4, 2013. Открыто по адресу https://io9.gizmodo.com/5972414/the-ironic-end-of-the-man-who-made-himself-immune-to-poison; “King Mithradates VI of Pontus Used Poison to Avoid Death by Poison.” Ancient Pages, March 5, 2016. Открыто по адресу www.ancientpages.com/2016/03/05/king-mithradates-vi-of-pontus-used-poison-to-avoid-death-by-poison/.

17. Ibid.

18. Feinendegen, L. E. “Evidence for Beneficial Low Level Radiation Effects and Radiation Hormesis.” The British Journal of Radiology 78, no. 925 (2005): 3–7.

19. Ibid.

20. Miller, R. A., et al. “Big Mice Die Young: Early Life Body Weight Predicts Longevity in Genetically Heterogeneous Mice.” Aging Cell no. 1 (2002): 22–29.

21. He, Q., et al. “Shorter Men Live Longer: Association of Height with Longevity and FOXO3 Genotype in American Men of Japanese Ancestry.” PLoS One 9, no. 5 (2014): e94385.

22. Blagosklonny, M. V. “Big Mice Die Young but Large Animals Live Longer.” Aging (Albany, NY) 5, no. 4 (2013): 227–233.

Глава 2

1. Masoro, E. J. “Overview of Caloric Restriction and Ageing.” Mechanisms of Ageing Development 126, no. 9 (2005): 913–922.

2. McCay, C. M., et al. “The Effect of Retarded Growth upon the Length of Life Span and upon the Ultimate Body Size.” The Journal of Nutrition 10, no. 1 (1935): 63–79.

3. Richardson, A., et al. “Significant Life Extension by Ten Percent Dietary Restriction.” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1363 (2016): 11–17.

4. Tannenbaum, A. “The Genesis and Growth of Tumors II. Effect of Caloric Restriction Per Se.” Cancer Research 2, no. 7 (1942): 460–467.

5. Carlson, A. J., and F. Hoelzel. “Apparent Prolongation of the Life Span of Rats by Intermittent Fasting.” Journal of Nutrition 31 (1946): 363–375.

6. Ross, M. H. “Protein, Calories and Life Expectancy.” Federation Proceedings 18 (1959): 1190–1207.

7. Iwasaki, K., et al. “The Influence of Dietary Protein Source on Longevity and Age-Related Disease Processes of Fischer Rats.” Journal of Gerontology 43, no. 1 (1988): B5–12.

8. Redman, L. M., and E. Ravussin. “Caloric Restriction in Humans: Impact on Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Outcomes.” Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 14, no. 2 (2011): 275–287; Suzuki, M., B. J. Wilcox, and C. D. Wilcox. “Implications from and for Food Cultures for Cardiovascular Disease: Longevity.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 10, no. 2 (2001): 165–171.

9. Stanfel, M. N., et al. “The TOR Pathway Comes of Age.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1790, no. 10 (2009): 1067–1074.

10. McDonald, R. B., and J. J. Ramsey. “Honoring Clive McCay and 75 Years of Calorie Restriction Research.” Journal of Nutrition 140, no. 7 (2010): 1205–1210.

11. Bluher, M. “Fat Tissue and Long Life.” Obesity Facts 1, no. 4 (2008): 176–182.

12. Adelman, R., R. L. Saul, and B. N. Ames. “Oxidative Damage to DNA: Relation to Species Metabolic Rate and Life Span.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85, no. 8 (1988): 2706–2708.

13. Hulbert, A. J., et al. “Life and Death: Metabolic Rate, Membrane Composition, and Life Span of Animals.” Physiological Reviews 87, no. 4 (2007): 1175–1213.

14. Mariotti, S., et al. “Complex Alteration of Thyroid Function in Healthy Centenarians.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 77, no. 5 (1993): 1130–1134.

15. См. примечание 1 выше.

16. Paolisso, G., et al. “Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, and Resting Metabolic Rate in Healthy Centenarians.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, no. 4 (1995): 746–750.

17. Lee, S. J., C. T. Murphy, and C. Kenyon. “Glucose Shortens the Life Span of C. elegans by Downregulating DAF-16/FOXO Activity and Aquaporin Gene Expression.” Cell Metabolism 10, no. 5 (2009): 379–391.

18. Masoro, E. J., et al. “Dietary Restriction Alters Characteristics of Glucose Fuel Use.” Journal of Gerontology 47, no. 6 (1992): B202–208.

19. Kenyon, C., et al. “A C. elegans Mutant That Lives Twice as Long as Wild Type.” Nature366, no. 6454 (1993): 461–464.

20. “Cynthia Kenyon.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_Kenyon.

21. Taubes, G. “Rare Form of Dwarfism Protects Against Cancer.” Discover, March 27, 2013. Открыто по адресу http://discovermagazine.com/2013/april/19-double-edged-genes.

22. Blagosklonny, M. V. “Calorie Restriction: Decelerating mTOR-Driven Aging from Cells to Organisms (Including Humans).” Cell Cycle 9, no. 4 (2010): 683–688.

23. Cuervo, A. M., et al. “Autophagy and Aging: The Importance of Maintaining ‘Clean’ Cells.” Autophagy 1, no. 3 (2005): 131–140.

24. Jia, K., and B. Levine. “Autophagy Is Required for Dietary Restriction-Mediated Life Span Extension in C. elegans.” Autophagy 3, no. 6 (2007): 597–599; Melendez, A., et al. “Autophagy Genes Are Essential for Dauer Development and Life-Span Extension in C. elegans.” Science 301, no. 5638 (2003): 1387–1391.

25. Alvers, A. L., et al. “Autophagy Is Required for Extension of Yeast Chronological Life Span by Rapamycin.” Autophagy 5, no. 6 (2009): 847–849.

26. Hardie, D. G., F. A. Ross, and S. A. Hawley. “AMPK: A Nutrient and Energy Sensor That Maintains Energy Homeostasis.” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 13, no. 4 (2012): 251–262.

27. Canto, C., and J. Auwerx. “Calorie Restriction: Is AMPK a Key Sensor and Effector?” Physiology (Bethesda) 26, no. 4 (2011): 214–224.

28. Lyons, C., and H. Roche. “Nutritional Modulation of AMPK-Impact upon Metabolic-Inflammation.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 3092.

29. Anson, R. M., B. Jones, and R. de Cabod. “The Diet Restriction Paradigm: A Brief Review of the Effects of Every-Other-Day Feeding.” Age (Dordr) 27, no. 1 (2005): 17–25.

30. Hambly, C., et al. “Repletion of TNF-alpha or Leptin in Calorically Restricted Mice Suppresses Post-Restriction Hyperphagia.” Disease Model Mechanisms 5, no. 1 (2012): 83–94.

31. Goodrick, C. L., et al. “Effects of Intermittent Feeding upon Growth and Life Span in Rats.” Gerontology 28, no. 4 (1982): 233–241.

32. Goldberg, E. L., et al. “Lifespan-Extending Caloric Restriction or mTOR Inhibition Impair Adaptive Immunity of Old Mice by Distinct Mechanisms.” Aging Cell 14, no. 1 (2015): 130–138.

33. Ingram, D. K., et al. “Calorie Restriction Mimetics: An Emerging Research Field.” Aging Cell 5, no. 2 (2006): 97–108.

Глава 3

1. “Did a Canadian Medical Expedition Lead to the Discovery of an Anti-Aging Pill?” Bloomberg News, February 12, 2015. Открыто по адресу https://business.financialpost.com/news/did-a-canadian-medical-expedition-lead-to-the-discovery-of-an-anti-aging-pill.

2. Mohsin, N., et al. “Complete Regression of Visceral Kaposi’s Sarcoma After Conversion to Sirolimus.” Experimental and Clinical Transplantation 3, no. 2 (2005): 366–369.

3. Blagosklonny, M. V. “Aging and Immortality: Quasi-Programmed Senescence and Its Pharmacologic Inhibition.” Cell Cycle 5, no. 18 (2006): 2087–2102.

4. Ortman, J., V. Velkoff, and H. Hogan. “An Aging Nation: The Older Population in the United States.” May 2014. Открыто по адресу www.census.gov/prod/2014pubs/p25-1140.pdf.

5. Christensen, K., et al. “Ageing Populations: The Challenges Ahead.” The Lancet 374, no. 9696 (2009): 1196–1208; Drachman, D. A. “Aging of the Brain, Entropy, and Alzheimer Disease.” Neurology 67, no. 8 (2006): 1340–1352; Holroyd, C., C. Cooper, and E. Dennison. “Epidemiology of Osteoporosis.” Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 22, no. 5 (2008): 671–685.

6. Nair, S., and J. Ren. “Autophagy and Cardiovascular Aging: Lesson Learned from Rapamycin.” Cell Cycle 11, no. 11 (2012): 2092–2099.

7. Powers, R. W., 3rd, et al. “Extension of Chronological Life Span in Yeast by Decreased TOR Pathway Signaling.” Genes & Development 20, no. 2 (2006): 174–184.

8. Robida-Stubbs, S., et al. “TOR Signaling and Rapamycin Influence Longevity by Regulating SKN-1/Nrf and DAF-16/FoxO.” Cell Metabolism 15, no. 5 (2012): 713–724.

9. Bjedov, I., et al. “Mechanisms of Life Span Extension by Rapamycin in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster.” Cell Metabolism 11, no. 1 (2010): 35–46.

10. Harrison, D., et al. “Rapamycin Fed Late in Life Extends Lifespan in Genetically Heterogeneous Mice.” Nature 460 (2009): 392–395.

11. Halford, B. “Rapamycin’s Secrets Unearthed.” Chemical & Engineering News 94, no. 29 (2016): 26–30.

12. Urfer, S. R., et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial to Establish Effects of Short-Term Rapamycin Treatment in 24 Middle-Aged Companion Dogs.” Geroscience 39, no. 2 (2017): 117–127.

13. Lelegren, M., et al. “Pharmaceutical Inhibition of mTOR in the Common Marmoset: Effect of Rapamycin on Regulators of Proteostasis in a Non-Human Primate.” Pathobiology of Aging & Age Related Diseases 6 (2016): 31793.

14. Spilman, P., et al. “Inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin Abolishes Cognitive Deficits and Reduces Amyloid-Beta Levels in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease.” PLoS One 5, no. 4 (2010): e9979.

15. Majumder, S., et al. “Lifelong Rapamycin Administration Ameliorates Age-Dependent Cognitive Deficits by Reducing IL-1beta and Enhancing NMDA Signaling.” Aging Cell 11, no. 2 (2012): 326–335.

16. Liu, Y., et al. “Rapamycin-Induced Metabolic Defects Are Reversible in Both Lean and Obese Mice.” Aging (Albany NY) 6, no. 9 (2014): 742–754.

17. Kolosova, N. G., et al. “Prevention of Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Like Retinopathy by Rapamycin in Rats.” American Journal of Pathology 181, no. 2 (2012): 472–477.

18. Halloran, J., et al. “Chronic Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin by Rapamycin Modulates Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Components of Behavior Throughout Lifespan in Mice.” Neuroscience 223 (2012): 102–113; Tsai, P. T., et al. “Autistic-Like Behaviour and Cerebellar Dysfunction in Purkinje Cell Tsc1 Mutant Mice.” Nature 488, no. 7413 (2012): 647–651; Perl, A. “mTOR Activation is a Biomarker and a Central Pathway to Autoimmune Disorders, Cancer, Obesity, and Aging.” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1346, no. 1 (2015): 33–44.

19. Mahe, E., et al. “Cutaneous Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving Sirolimus-Based Therapy.” Transplantation 79, no. 4 (2005): 476–482; McCormack, F. X., et al. “Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 17 (2011): 1595–1606.

20. Mendelsohn, A. R., and J. W. Larrick. “Dissecting Mammalian Target of Rapamycin to Promote Longevity.” Rejuvenation Research 15, no. 3 (2012): 334–337.

21. Johnston, O., et al. “Sirolimus Is Associated with New-Onset Diabetes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 19, no. 7 (2008): 1411–1418.

22. Lamming, D. W. “Inhibition of the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-Rapamycin and Beyond.” Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 6, no. 5 (2016).

23. См. примечание 20 выше.

24. Arriola Apelo, S. I., et al. “Alternative Rapamycin Treatment Regimens Mitigate the Impact of Rapamycin on Glucose Homeostasis and the Immune System.” Aging Cell 15, no. 1 (2016): 28–38.

25. См. примечание 11 выше.

26. Carlson, A. J., and F. Hoelzel. “Growth and Longevity of Rats Fed Omnivorous and Vegetarian Diets.” Journal of Nutrition 34, no. 1 (1947): 81–96.

27. Siri-Tarino, P. W., et al. “Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Evaluating the Association of Saturated Fat with Cardiovascular Disease.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 3 (2010): 535–546.

28. “Background.” National Cancer Institute Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research. Открыто по адресу at https://proteomics.cancer.gov/proteomics/background.

29. Speakman, J. R., S. E. Mitchell, and M. Mazidi. “Calories or Protein? The Effect of Dietary Restriction on Lifespan in Rodents Is Explained by Calories Alone.” Experimental Gerontology 86 (2016): 28–38.

30. Lee, C., and V. Longo. “Dietary Restriction with and Without Caloric Restriction for Healthy Aging.” F1000Research 5 (2016).

31. Longo, V. D., and L. Fontana. “Calorie Restriction and Cancer Prevention: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms.” Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 31, no. 2 (2010): 89–98.

32. Fontana, L., et al. “Long-Term Effects of Calorie or Protein Restriction on Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 Concentration in Humans.” Aging Cell 7, no. 5 (2008): 681–687.

33. Huang, C. H., et al. “EGCG Inhibits Protein Synthesis, Lipogenesis, and Cell Cycle Progression Through Activation of AMPK in p53 Positive and Negative Human Hepatoma Cells.” Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 53, no. 9 (2009): 1156–1165.

34. Pazoki-Toroudi, H., et al. “Targeting mTOR Signaling by Polyphenols: A New Therapeutic Target for Ageing.” Ageing Research Reviews 31 (2016): 55–66.

35. Chiu, C. T., et al. “Hibiscus Sabdariffa Leaf Polyphenolic Extract Induces Human Melanoma Cell Death, Apoptosis, and Autophagy.” Journal of Food Science 80, no. 3 (2015): H649–658; Zhang, L., et al. “Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Pimenta Dioica Berries (Allspice) Kills Breast Cancer Cells by Autophagy and Delays Growth of Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Athymic Mice.” Oncotarget 6, no. 18 (2015): 16379–16395; Syed, D. N., et al. “Pomegranate Extracts and Cancer Prevention: Molecular and Cellular Activities.” Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 8 (2013): 1149–1161.

36. Pazoki-Toroudi, H., et al. “Targeting mTOR Signaling by Polyphenols: A New Therapeutic Target for Ageing.” Ageing Research Reviews 31 (2016): 55–66; Morselli, E., et al. “Caloric Restriction and Resveratrol Promote Longevity Through the Sirtuin-1-Dependent Induction of Autophagy.” Cell Death Discovery 1 (2010): e10; Park, S. J., et al. “Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting cAMP Phosphodiesterases.” Cell 148, no. 3 (2012): 421–433.

37. Zhou, G., et al. “Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mechanism of Metformin Action.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 108, no. 8 (2001): 1167–1174.

38. Zi, F., et al. “Metformin and Cancer: An Existing Drug for Cancer Prevention and Therapy.” Oncology Letters 15, no. 1 (2018): 683–690.

39. Bannister, C. A., et al. “Can People with Type 2 Diabetes Live Longer Than Those Without? A Comparison of Mortality in People Initiated with Metformin or Sulphonylurea Monotherapy and Matched, Non-Diabetic Controls.” Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 16, no. 11 (2014): 1165–1173.

40. Rudman, D., et al. “Effects of Human Growth Hormone in Men over 60 Years Old.” New England Journal of Medicine 323, no. 1 (1990): 1–6.

41. Inagaki, T., et al. “Inhibition of Growth Hormone Signaling by the Fasting-Induced Hormone FGF21.” Cell Metabolism 8, no. 1 (2008): 77–83.

42. Silberberg, M., and R. Silberberg. “Factors Modifying the Lifespan of Mice.” American Journal of Physiology 177, no. 1 (1954): 23–26.

43. Grandison, R. C., M. D. Piper, and L. Partridge. “Amino-Acid Imbalance Explains Extension of Lifespan by Dietary Restriction in Drosophila.” Nature 462, no. 7276 (2009): 1061–1064.

44. Kim, E., and K. L. Guan. “RAG GTPases in Nutrient-Mediated TOR Signaling Pathway.” Cell Cycle 8, no. 7 (2009): 1014–1018.

45. McCay, C. M., et al. “The Effect of Retarded Growth upon the Length of Life Span and upon the Ultimate Body Size.” The Journal of Nutrition 10, no. 1 (1935): 63–79.

46. Liu, K. A., et al. “Leucine Supplementation Differentially Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Growth in Lean and Overweight Mice.” Cancer Metabolism 2, no. 1 (2014): 6.

47. Huffman, S., and R. J. Jones. “Chronic Effect of Dietary Protein on Hypercholesteremia in the Rat.” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 93, no. 3 (1956): 519–522.

48. Minor, R. K., et al. “Dietary Interventions to Extend Life Span and Health Span Based on Calorie Restriction.” Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 65, no. 7 (2010): 695–703.

49. Minor, R. K., et al. “Dietary Interventions to Extend Life Span and Health Span Based on Calorie Restriction.” Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 65, no. 7 (2010): 695–703; Levine, M. E., et al. “Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population.” Cell Metabolism 19, no. 3 (2014): 407–417; Solon-Biet, S. M., et al. “The Ratio of Macronutrients, Not Caloric Intake, Dictates Cardiometabolic Health, Aging, and Longevity in Ad Libitum-Fed Mice.” Cell Metabolism 19, no. 3 (2014): 418–430.

50. Blagosklonny, M. V. “Rapamycin and Quasi-Programmed Aging: Four Years Later.” Cell Cycle 9, no. 10 (2010): 1859–1862.

Глава 4

1. Levine, M. E., et al. “Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1 Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population.” Cell Metabolism 19, no. 3 (2014): 407–417.

2. Fontana, L., et al. “Long-Term Effects of Calorie or Protein Restriction on Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 Concentration in Humans.” Aging Cell 7, no. 5 (2008): 681–687.

3. De Bandt, J. P., and L. Cynober. “Therapeutic Use of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Burn, Trauma, and Sepsis.” Journal of Nutrition 136, 1 Suppl (2006): 308s–313s.

4. Miller, R. A., et al. “Methionine-Deficient Diet Extends Mouse Lifespan, Slows Immune and Lens Aging, Alters Glucose, T4, IGF-I and Insulin Levels, and Increases Hepatocyte MIF Levels and Stress Resistance.” Aging Cell 4, no. 3 (2005): 119–325.

5. McCarty, M. F., and J. J. DiNicolantonio. “The Cardiometabolic Benefits of Glycine: Is Glycine an ‘Antidote’ to Dietary Fructose?” Open Heart (2014). 1:e000103. doi:10.1136/openhrt– 2014000103.

6. “Body Fat Calculator.” Activewebsite. Открыто по адресу www.active.com/fitness/calculators/bodyfat.

7. Rosedale, R. “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Protein” (лекция, American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP), October 31, 2006). Открыто по адресу http://drrosedale.com/resources/pdf/The_good_the_bad_and_the_ugly_of_protein.pdf.

8. Cuervo, A. M., et al. “Autophagy and Aging: The Importance of Maintaining ‘Clean’ Cells.” Autophagy 1, no. 3 (2005): 131–140.

9. Cheng, C. W., et al. “Prolonged Fasting Reduces IGF-1/PKA to Promote Hematopoietic-Stem-Cell-Based Regeneration and Reverse Immunosuppression.” Cell Stem Cell 14, no. 6 (2014): 810–823.

10. Brandhorst, S., et al. “A Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi-System Regeneration, Enhanced Cognitive Performance, and Healthspan.” Cell Metabolism 22, no. 1 (2015): 86–99.

11. Rosedale, R., E. C. Westman, and J. P. Konhilas. “Clinical Experience of a Diet Designed to Reduce Aging.” Journal of Applied Research 9, no. 4 (2009): 159–165.

Глава 5

1. Hancox, D. “The Unstoppable Rise of Veganism: How a Fringe Movement Went Mainstream.” The Guardian, April 1, 2018. Открыто по адресу www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/apr/01/vegans-are-coming-millennials-health-climate-сhange-animal-welfare.

2. Zelman, K. M. “The Power of Plant Protein.” United Healthcare. Открыто по адресу www.uhc.com/health-and-wellness/nutrition/power-of-plant-protein.

3. “Lacalbumin.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalbumin.

4. Bounous, G., and P. Gold. “The Biological Activity of Undenatured Dietary Whey Proteins: Role of Glutathione.” Clinical and Investigative Medicine 14, no. 4 (1991): 296–309.

5. Bounous, G., G. Batist, and P. Gold. “Whey Proteins in Cancer Prevention.” Cancer Letter 57, no. 2 (1991): 91–94.

6. Bounous, G., G. Batist, and P. Gold. “Immunoenhancing Property of Dietary Whey Protein in Mice: Role of Glutathione.” Clinical and Investigative Medicine 12, no. 3 (1989): 154–161.

7. Sekhar, R. V., et al. “Glutathione Synthesis Is Diminished in Patients with Uncontrolled Diabetes and Restored by Dietary Supplementation with Cysteine and Glycine.” Diabetes Care 34, no. 1 (2011): 162–167.

8. Berk, M., et al. “The Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine as an Adjunctive Treatment in Bipolar Depression: An Open Label Trial.” Journal of Affective Disorders 135, no. 1–3 (2011): 389–394.

9. Dean, O., F. Giorlando, and M. Berk. “N-Acetylcysteine in Psychiatry: Current Therapeutic Evidence and Potential Mechanisms of Action.” Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 36, no. 2 (2011): 78–86.

10. Breitkreutz, R., et al. “Massive Loss of Sulfur in HIV Infection.” AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 16, no. 3 (2000): 203–209.

11. Bounous, G., et al. “Whey Proteins as a Food Supplement in HIV-Seropositive Individuals.” Clinical and Investigative Medicine 16, no. 3 (1993): 204–209.

12. Tse, H. N., et al. “High-Dose N-Acetylcysteine in Stable COPD: The 1-Year, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled HIACE Study.” Chest 144, no. 1 (2013): 106–118; De Flora, S., C. Grassi, and L. Carati. “Attenuation of Influenza-Like Symptomatology and Improvement of Cell-Mediated Immunity with Long-Term N-Acetylcysteine Treatment.” European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 7 (1997): 1535–1541.

13. Droge, W. “Oxidative Stress and Ageing: Is Ageing a Cysteine Deficiency Syndrome?” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (London) 360, no. 1464 (2005): 2355–2372.

14. Op den Kamp, C. M., et al. “Muscle Atrophy in Cachexia: Can Dietary Protein Tip the Balance?” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 12, no. 6 (2009): 611–616.

15. Marchesini, G., et al. “Nutritional Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Advanced Cirrhosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.” Gastroenterology 124, no. 7 (2003): 1792–1801.

16. D’Antona, G., et al. “Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Promotes Survival and Supports Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Middle-Aged Mice.” Cell Metabolism 12, no. 4 (2010): 362–372.

17. Hoppe, C., et al. “Differential Effects of Casein Versus Whey on Fasting Plasma Levels of Insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3: Results from a Randomized 7-Day Supplementation Study in Prepubertal Boys.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, no. 9 (2009): 1076–1083.

18. Cheng, Z., et al. “Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Hepatitis B Virus Transfected Mice by Low Dietary Casein.” Hepatology 26, no. 5 (1997): 1351–1354.

19. Siri-Tarino, P. W., et al. “Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Evaluating the Association of Saturated Fat with Cardiovascular Disease.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 3 (2010): 535–546.

20. Simon, S. “World Health Organization Says Processed Meat Causes Cancer.” American Cancer Society, Oct 26, 2015. Открыто по адресу www.cancer.org/latest-news/world-health-organization-says-processed-meat-causes-cancer.html.

21. Sugiyama, K., Y. Kushima, and K. Muramatsu. “Effect of Dietary Glycine on Methionine Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Methionine Diet.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 33, no. 3 (1987): 195–205.

22. McCarty, M. F., and J. J. DiNicolantonio. “The Cardiometabolic Benefits of Glycine: Is Glycine an ‘Antidote’ to Dietary Fructose?” Open Heart 1, no. 1 (2014): e000103.

23. Fang, X., et al. “Dietary Magnesium Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and All-Cause Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.” BMC Medicine 14, no. 1 (2016): 210; Adebamowo, S. N., et al. “Association Between Intakes of Magnesium, Potassium, and Calcium and Risk of Stroke: 2 Cohorts of US Women and Updated Meta-Analyses.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 101, no. 6 (2015): 1269–1277; Choi, M. K., and Y. J. Bae. “Association of Magnesium Intake with High Blood Pressure in Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009.” PLoS One 10, no. 6 (2015): e0130405; Aburto, N. J., et al. “Effect of Increased Potassium Intake on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.” British Medical Journal 346 (2013): f1378.

24. Song, M., et al. “Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.” JAMA Internal Medicine 176, no. 10 (2016): 1453–1463.

25. Key, T. J., et al. “Mortality in British Vegetarians: Review and Preliminary Results from EPIC-Oxford.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78 (3 Suppl) (2003): 533s–538s.

26. Shinwell, E. D., and R. Gorodischer. “Totally Vegetarian Diets and Infant Nutrition.” Pediatrics 70, no. 4 (1982): 582–586.

27. McCarty, M. F. “Vegan Proteins May Reduce Risk of Cancer, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease by Promoting Increased Glucagon Activity.” Medical Hypotheses 53, no. 6 (1999): 459–485.

28. Freeman, A. M., et al. “A Clinician’s Guide for Trending Cardiovascular Nutrition Controversies: Part II.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 5 (2018): 553–568.

29. См. примечание 2 выше.

30. Mozaffarian, D., et al. “Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men.” New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 25 (2011): 2392–2404.

31. Jaceldo-Siegl, K., et al. “Tree Nuts Are Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: The Adventist Health Study-2.” PLoS One 9, no. 1 (2014): e85133.

32. Bao, Y., et al. “Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.” New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 21 (2013): 2001–2011.

33. Ibid.

34. Fraser, G. E., and D. J. Shavlik. “Ten Years of Life: Is It a Matter of Choice?” Archives of Internal Medicine 161, no. 13 (2001): 1645–1652.

35. Rantanen, T., et al. “Midlife Muscle Strength and Human Longevity Up to Age 100 Years: A 44-Year Prospective Study Among a Decedent Cohort.” Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 34, no. 3 (2012): 563–570.

36. Haub, M. D., et al. “Effect of Protein Source on Resistive-Training-Induced Changes in Body Composition and Muscle Size in Older Men.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76, no. 3 (2002): 511–517.

37. Campbell, W. W., et al. “Effects of an Omnivorous Diet Compared with a Lactoovovegetarian Diet on Resistance-Training-Induced Changes in Body Composition and Skeletal Muscle in Older Men.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, no. 6 (1999): 1032–1039.

38. Campbell, W. W., et al. “The Recommended Dietary Allowance for Protein May Not Be Adequate for Older People to Maintain Skeletal Muscle.” Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56, no. 6 (2001): M373–380.

39. Babault, N., et al. “Pea Proteins Oral Supplementation Promotes Muscle Thickness Gains During Resistance Training: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial vs. Whey Protein.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 12, no. 1 (2015): 3.

40. Joy, J. M., et al. “The Effects of 8 Weeks of Whey or Rice Protein Supplementation on Body Composition and Exercise Performance.” Nutrition Journal 12 (2013): 86.

41. Appel, L. J., et al. “Effects of Protein, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate Intake on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids: Results of the OmniHeart Randomized Trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 294, no. 19 (2005): 2455–2464.

42. Fung, T. T., et al. “Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Two Cohort Studies.” Annals of Internal Medicine 153, no. 5 (2010): 289–298.

43. Salvioli, S., et al. “Why Do Centenarians Escape or Postpone Cancer? The Role of IGF-1, Inflammation and p53.” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 58, no. 12 (2009): 1909–1917.

44. Jenkins, D. J., et al. “The Effect of a Plant-Based Low-Carbohydrate (‘Eco-Atkins’) Diet on Body Weight and Blood Lipid Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Subjects.” Archives of Internal Medicine 169, no. 11 (2009): 1046–1054.

45. Kiefte-de Jong, J. C., et al. “Diet-Dependent Acid Load and Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies.” Diabetologia 60, no. 2 (2017): 270–279.

46. Frassetto, L., et al. “Diet, Evolution and Aging – the Pathophysiologic Effects of the Post-Agricultural Inversion of the Potassium-to-Sodium and Base-to-Chloride Ratios in the Human Diet.” European Journal of Nutrition 40, no. 5 (2001): 200–213.

47. Frassetto, L. A., et al. “Worldwide Incidence of Hip Fracture in Elderly Women: Relation to Consumption of Animal and Vegetable Foods.” Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences Med Sci 55, no. 10 (2000): M585–592.

48. См. примечания 46 и 47 выше.

49. Jackson, R. D., et al. “Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures.” New England Journal of Medicine 354, no. 7 (2006): 669–683.

50. Reddy, S. T., et al. “Effect of Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein Diets on Acid-Base Balance, Stone-Forming Propensity, and Calcium Metabolism.” American Journal of Kidney Disease 40, no. 2 (2002): 265–274.

51. Sebastian, A., et al. “Improved Mineral Balance and Skeletal Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Potassium Bicarbonate.” New England Journal of Medicine 330, no. 25 (1994): 1776–1781; and Goraya, N., et al. “Dietary Acid Reduction with Fruits and Vegetables or Bicarbonate Attenuates Kidney Injury in Patients with a Moderately Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate Due to Hypertensive Nephropathy.” Kidney International 81, no. 1 (2012): 86–93.

Глава 6

1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. “Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids.” National Academies Press (2005). Открыто по адресу www.nap.edu/read/10490/chapter/1.

2. Humayun, M. A., et al. “Reevaluation of the Protein Requirement in Young Men with the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, no. 4 (2007): 995–1002.

3. Jackson, A. A., et al. “Synthesis of Erythrocyte Glutathione in Healthy Adults Consuming the Safe Amount of Dietary Protein.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80, no. 1 (2004): 101–107.

4. Zelman, K. “The Power of Plant Protein.” United HealthCare Services Inc. Открыто по адресу www.uhc.com/health-and-wellness/nutrition/power-of-plant-protein.

5. Dupont, C. “Protein Requirements During the First Year of Life.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, no. 6 (2003): 1544s–1549s.

6. Gartner, L. M., et al. “Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk.” Pediatrics 115, no. 2 (2005): 496–506.

7. Stephens, T. V., et al. “Protein Requirements of Healthy Pregnant Women During Early and Late Gestation Are Higher Than Current Recommendations.” Journal of Nutrition 145, no. 1 (2015): 73–78.

8. Kortebein, P., et al. “Effect of 10 Days of Bed Rest on Skeletal Muscle in Healthy Older Adults.” Journal of the American Medical Association 297, no. 16 (2007): 1772–1774.

9. Bauer, J., et al. “Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group.” Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 14, no. 8 (2013): 542–559.

10. Alexander, J. W., et al. “The Importance of Lipid Type in the Diet After Burn Injury.” Annals of Surgery 204, no. 1 (1986): 1–8; Berbert, A. A., et al. “Supplementation of Fish Oil and Olive Oil in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.” Nutrition 21, no. 2 (2005): 131–136; Murphy, R. A., et al. “Nutritional Intervention with Fish Oil Provides a Benefit Over Standard of Care for Weight and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.” Cancer 117, no. 8 (2011): 1775–1782; Rodacki, C. L., et al. “Fish-Oil Supplementation Enhances the Effects of Strength Training in Elderly Women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95, no. 2 (2012): 428–436; Ryan, A. M., et al. “Enteral Nutrition Enriched with Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Preserves Lean Body Mass Following Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Results of a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.” Annals of Surgery 249, no. 3 (2009): 355–363.

11. McWhirter, J., and C. R. Pennington. “Incidence and Recognition of Malnutrition in Hospital.” British Medical Journal 308, no. 6934 (1994): 945–948.

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Healthcare-Associated Infections.” Открыто по адресу www.cdc.gov/HAI/surveillance/.

13. Aquilani, R., et al. “Effects of Oral Amino Acid Supplementation on Long-Term-Care-Acquired Infections in Elderly Patients.” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 52, no. 3 (2011): e123–128.

14. Brown, R. O., et al. “Comparison of Specialized and Standard Enteral Formulas in Trauma Patients.” Pharmacotherapy 14, no. 3 (1994): 314–320.

15. Paddon-Jones, D., et al. “Essential Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Supplementation Ameliorates Muscle Protein Loss in Humans During 28 Days Bedrest.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism 89, no. 9 (2004): 4351–4358.

16. Stokes, T., et al. “Recent Perspectives Regarding the Role of Dietary Protein for the Promotion of Muscle Hypertrophy with Resistance Exercise Training.” Nutrients 10, no. 2 (2018).

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Macnaughton, L. S., et al. “The Response of Muscle Protein Synthesis Following Whole-Body Resistance Exercise Is Greater Following 40 g Than 20 g of Ingested Whey Protein.” Physiology Report 4, no. 15 (2016).

23. См. примечание 16 выше.

24. Ibid.

25. Lemon, P. W. “Beyond the Zone: Protein Needs of Active Individuals.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 19, 5 Suppl (2000): 513s–521s.

26. См. примечание 16 выше.

27. Ibid.

28. Li, P., and G. Wu. “Roles of Dietary Glycine, Proline, and Hydroxyproline in Collagen Synthesis and Animal Growth.” Amino Acids 50, no. 1 (2018): 29–38; Melendez-Hevia, E., et al. “A Weak Link in Metabolism: The Metabolic Capacity for Glycine Biosynthesis Does Not Satisfy the Need for Collagen Synthesis.” Journal of Bioscience 34, no. 6 (2009): 853–872.

29. McCarty, M. F., and J. J. DiNicolantonio. “The Cardiometabolic Benefits of Glycine: Is Glycine an ‘Antidote’ to Dietary Fructose?” Open Heart 1, no. 1 (2014): e000103.

30. См. примечание 16 выше.

31. Ibid.

32. Tarnopolsky, M. A., J. D. MacDougall, and S. A. Atkinson. “Influence of Protein Intake and Training Status on Nitrogen Balance and Lean Body Mass.” Journal of Applied Physiology (1985) 64, no. 1 (1988): 187–193.

33. Ibid.

34. Kingsbury, K. J., L. Kay, and M. Hjelm. “Contrasting Plasma Free Amino Acid Patterns in Elite Athletes: Association with Fatigue and Infection.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (1998): 25–32; discussion 32–33.

35. Rantanen, T., et al. “Midlife Muscle Strength and Human Longevity Up to Age 100 Years: A 44-Year Prospective Study Among a Decedent Cohort.” Age (Dordr) 34, no. 3 (2012): 563–570.

36. Layman, D. K., et al., “A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein Improves Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profiles During Weight Loss in Adult Women.” Journal of Nutrition 133, no. 2 (2003): 411–417.

37. Frestedt, J. L., et al. “A Whey-Protein Supplement Increases Fat Loss and Spares Lean Muscle in Obese Subjects: A Randomized Human Clinical Study.” Nutrition & Metabolism (London) 5 (2008): 8.

38. Demling, R. H., and L. DeSanti. “Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet, Increased Protein Intake and Resistance Training on Lean Mass Gains and Fat Mass Loss in Overweight Police Officers.” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 44, no. 1 (2000): 21–29.

39. Simpson, S. J., and D. Raubenheimer. “Obesity: The Protein Leverage Hypothesis.” Obesity Review 6, no. 2 (2005): 133–142.

40. Leaf, A. “How Much Protein Do You Need Per Day?” Examine.com. Открыто по адресу https://examine.com/nutrition/how-much-protein-do-i-need/.

41. Kopple, J. D. “National Kidney Foundation K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure.” American Journal of Kidney Disease 37, 1 Suppl 2 (2001): S66–70.

42. Ibid.

43. English, K. L., and D. Paddon-Jones. “Protecting Muscle Mass and Function in Older Adults During Bed Rest.” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 13, no. 1 (2010): 34–39.

44. Patel, K. “How Much Protein Do You Need After Exercise?” Examine.com. Открыто по адресу https://examine.com/nutrition/second-look-at-protein-quantity-after-exercise/.

Глава 7

1. Nuttall, F. Q., and M. C. Gannon. “Metabolic Response to Dietary Protein in People with and Without Diabetes.” Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism 4 (1991): 71–88.

2. Cahill, G. F., Jr. “Fuel Metabolism in Starvation.” Annual Review of Nutrition 26 (2006): 1–22.

3. Hall, K. D. Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation, ed. Marshall McCue. Berlin: Springer, 2012. Открыто по адресу www.cussp.org/sites/default/files/Hall%20Slides.pdf.

4. Bhutani, S., et al. “Improvements in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Indicators by Alternate-Day Fasting Involve Adipose Tissue Modulations.” Obesity (Silver Spring), 18, no. 11 (2010): 2152–2159.

5. Catenacci, V. A., et al. “A Randomized Pilot Study Comparing Zero-Calorie Alternate-Day Fasting to Daily Caloric Restriction in Adults with Obesity.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 24, no. 9 (2016): 1874–1883.

6. Zauner, C., et al. “Resting Energy Expenditure in Short-Term Starvation Is Increased as a Result of an Increase in Serum Norepinephrine.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, no. 6 (2000): 1511–1515.

7. Ho, K. Y., et al. “Fasting Enhances Growth Hormone Secretion and Amplifies the Complex Rhythms of Growth Hormone Secretion in Man.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 81, no. 4 (1988): 968–975.

8. Cahill, G. F., Jr. “President’s Address. Starvation.” Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 94 (1983): 1–21.

9. Henry, C. J. K., et al. “Differences in Fat, Carbohydrate, and Protein Metabolism Between Lean and Obese Subjects Undergoing Total Starvation.” Obesity Research 7, no. 6 (1999): 597–604.

10. См. примечание 9 выше.

11. Ibid.

Глава 8

1. Di Castelnuovo, A., et al. “Consumption of Cocoa, Tea and Coffee and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.” European Journal of Internal Medicine 23, no. 1 (2012): 15–25.

2. Huxley, R. R., and H. A. Neil. “The Relation Between Dietary Flavonol Intake and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, no. 8 (2003): 904–908.

3. Hodgson, J. M., and K. D. Croft. “Tea Flavonoids and Cardiovascular Health.” Molecular Aspects of Medicine 31, no. 6 (2010): 495–502.

4. de Koning Gans, J. M., et al. “Tea and Coffee Consumption and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality.” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 30, no. 8 (2010): 1665–1671.

5. Peters, U., C. Poole, and L. Arab. “Does Tea Affect Cardiovascular Disease? A Meta-Analysis.” American Journal of Epidemiology 154, no. 6 (2001): 495–503.

6. Geleijnse, J. M., et al. “Inverse Association of Tea and Flavonoid Intakes with Incident Myocardial Infarction: The Rotterdam Study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 5 (2002): 880–886.

7. Pang, J., et al. “Green Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular and Ischemic Related Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Cardiology 202 (2012): 967–974.

8. Kuriyama, S., et al. “Green Tea Consumption and Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All Causes in Japan: The Ohsaki Study.” JAMA 296, no. 10 (2006): 1255–1265.

9. Hertog, M. G., et al. “Antioxidant Flavonols and Ischemic Heart Disease in a Welsh Population of Men: The Caerphilly Study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, no. 5 (1997): 1489–1494.

10. Serafini, M., A. Ghiselli, and A. Ferro-Luzzi. “In Vivo Antioxidant Effect of Green and Black Tea in Man.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, no. 1 (1996): 28–32.

11. Arab, L., W. Liu, and D. Elashoff. “Green and Black Tea Consumption and Risk of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis.” Stroke 40, no. 5 (2009): 1786–1792.

12. Chen, I. J., et al. “Therapeutic Effect of High-Dose Green Tea Extract on Weight Reduction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.” Clinical Nutrition 35, no. 3 (2016): 592–599.

13. Hursel, R., W. Viechtbauer, and M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga. “The Effects of Green Tea on Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance: A Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Obesity (London) 33, no. 9 (2009): 956–961.

14. Rudelle, S., et al. “Effect of a Thermogenic Beverage on 24-Hour Energy Metabolism in Humans.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 15, no. 2 (2007): 349–355.

15. Dulloo, A. G., et al. “Efficacy of a Green Tea Extract Rich in Catechin Polyphenols and Caffeine in Increasing 24-H Energy Expenditure and Fat Oxidation in Humans.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, no. 6 (1999): 1040–1045; Hursel, R., et al. “The Effects of Catechin Rich Teas and Caffeine on Energy Expenditure and Fat Oxidation: A Meta-Analysis.” Obesity Review 12, no. 7 (2011): 573–581.

16. Jurgens, T. M., et al. “Green Tea for Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Overweight or Obese Adults.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 12 (2012): Cd008650.

17. Rumpler, W., et al. “Oolong Tea Increases Metabolic Rate and Fat Oxidation in Men.” Journal of Nutrition 131, no. 11 (2001): 2848–2852.

18. Thielecke, F., and M. Boschmann. “The Potential Role of Green Tea Catechins in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome – A Review.” Phytochemistry 70, no. 1 (2009): 11–24.

19. Nagao, T., et al. “A Catechin-Rich Beverage Improves Obesity and Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 17, no. 2 (2009): 310–317.

20. Iso, H., et al. “The Relationship Between Green Tea and Total Caffeine Intake and Risk for Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes Among Japanese Adults.” Annals of Internal Medicine 144, no. 8 (2006): 554–562.

21. Panagiotakos, D. B., et al. “Long-Term Tea Intake Is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of (Type 2) Diabetes Mellitus Among Elderly People from Mediterranean Islands: MEDIS Epidemiological Study.” Yonsei Medical Journal 50, no. 1 (2009): 31–38.

22. См. примечание 13 выше.

23. Stensvold, I., et al. “Tea Consumption. Relationship to Cholesterol, Blood Pressure, and Coronary and Total Mortality.” Preventive Medicine 21, no. 4 (1992): 546–553.

24. Hodgson, J. M. “Effects of Tea and Tea Flavonoids on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure: A Brief Review.” Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 33, no. 9 (2006): 838–841.

25. Yang, Y. C., et al. “The Protective Effect of Habitual Tea Consumption on Hypertension.” Archives of Internal Medicine 164, no. 14 (2004): 1534–1540.

26. Bogdanski, P., et al. “Green Tea Extract Reduces Blood Pressure, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Oxidative Stress and Improves Parameters Associated with Insulin Resistance in Obese, Hypertensive Patients.” Nutrition Research 32, no. 6 (2012): 421–427.

27. “Tea and Cancer Prevention.” National Cancer Institute. November 17, 2010. Открыто по адресу www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/tea-fact-sheet.

28. Wu, A. H., et al. “Tea Intake, COMT Genotype, and Breast Cancer in Asian-American Women.” Cancer Research 63, no. 21 (2003): 7526–7529.

29. Fujiki, H., et al., “Cancer Prevention with Green Tea and Its Principal Constituent, EGCG: From Early Investigations to Current Focus on Human Cancer Stem Cells.” Molecules and Cells 41, no. 2 (2018): 73–82.

Глава 9

1. Fragopoulou, E., C. Demopoulos, and S. Antonopoulou. “Lipid Minor Constituents in Wines. A Biochemical Approach in the French Paradox.” International Journal of Wine Research 1 (2009): 131–143.

2. Nagahori, Z. “Credibility of the Ages of Centenarians in Hunza, a Longevity Village in Pakistan.” Asian Medical Journal 25, no. 6 (1982): 405–431.

3. Ibid.

4. Hippocratic Writings, ed. G. E. R. Lloyd. London: Penguin, 2005. Открыто по адресу https://books.google.com/books?id=pg-trVeUovEC&lpg=PT93&pg=PT352#v=onepage&q&f=false.

5. См. примечание 1 выше.

6. Osborn, D. “Drink to Your Health!” Открыто по адресу www.greekmedicine.net/therapies/Drink_to_Your_Health.html.

7. Jouanna, J. Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012: 173–193.

8. Goldfinger, T. M. “Beyond the French Paradox: The Impact of Moderate Beverage Alcohol and Wine Consumption in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.” Cardiology Clinics 21, no. 3 (2003): 449–457.

9. Ibid.

10. Galinski, C. N., J. I. Zwicker, and D. R. Kennedy. “Revisiting the Mechanistic Basis of the French Paradox: Red Wine Inhibits the Activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase In Vitro.” Thrombosis Research 137 (2016): 169–173.

11. См. примечание 1 выше.

12. Ibid.

13. St Leger, A. S., A. L. Cochrane, and F. Moore. “Factors Associated with Cardiac Mortality in Developed Countries with Particular Reference to the Consumption of Wine.” Lancet 1, no. 8124 (1979): 1017–1020.

14. Gronbaek, M., et al. “Mortality Associated with Moderate Intakes of Wine, Beer, or Spirits.” The BMJ 310, no. 6988 (1995): 1165–1169.

15. Renaud, S. C., et al. “Wine, Beer, and Mortality in Middle-Aged Men from Eastern France.” Archives of Internal Medicine 159, no. 16 (1999): 1865–1870.

16. Yuan, J. M., et al. “Follow Up Study of Moderate Alcohol Intake and Mortality Among Middle Aged Men in Shanghai, China.” The BMJ 1314, no. 7073 (1997): 18–23.

17. Thun, M. J., et al. “Alcohol Consumption and Mortality Among Middle-Aged and Elderly U.S. Adults.” New England Journal of Medicine 337, no. 24 (1997): 1705–1714.

18. Blackhurst, D. M., and A. D. Marais. “Alcohol – Foe or Friend?” South African Medical Journal 95, no. 9 (2005): 648–654.

19. Andreasson, S., P. Allebeck, and A. Romelsjo. “Alcohol and Mortality Among Young Men: Longitudinal Study of Swedish Conscripts.” British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) 296, no. 6628 (1988): 1021–1025.

20. Djousse, L., et al. “Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Women: Potential Mediating Mechanisms.” Circulation 2120, no. 3 (2009): 237–244.

21. Streppel, M. T., et al. “Long-Term Wine Consumption Is Related to Cardiovascular Mortality and Life Expectancy Independently of Moderate Alcohol Intake: The Zutphen Study.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63, no. 7 (2009): 534–540.

22. Haseeb, S., B. Alexander, and A. Baranchuk. “Wine and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review.” Circulation 136, no. 15 (2017): 1434–1448.

23. Covas, M. I., et al. “Wine and Oxidative Stress: Up-to-Date Evidence of the Effects of Moderate Wine Consumption on Oxidative Damage in Humans.” Atherosclerosis 208, no. 2 (2010): 297–304.

24. См. примечания 1 и 10 выше.

25. Biagi, M., and A. A. Bertelli. “Wine, Alcohol and Pills: What Future for the French Paradox?” Life Sciences 131 (2015): 19–22.

26. Sato, M., N. Maulik, and D. K. Das. “Cardioprotection with Alcohol: Role of Both Alcohol and Polyphenolic Antioxidants.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 957 (2002): 122–135; Guiraud, A., et al. “Cardioprotective Effect of Chronic Low Dose Ethanol Drinking: Insights into the Concept of Ethanol Preconditioning.” Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 36, no. 4 (2004): 561–566; Marfella, R., et al. “Effect of Moderate Red Wine Intake on Cardiac Prognosis After Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction of Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.” Diabetic Medicine 23, no. 9 (2006): 974–981.

27. Karatzi, K. N., et al. “Red Wine Acutely Induces Favorable Effects on Wave Reflections and Central Pressures in Coronary Artery Disease Patients.” American Journal of Hypertension 18, no. 9 Pt 1 (2005): 1161–1167; Stranges, S., et al. “Relationship of Alcohol Drinking Pattern to Risk of Hypertension: A Population-Based Study.” Hypertension 44, no. 6 (2004): 813–819.

28. Xin, X., et al. “Effects of Alcohol Reduction on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” Hypertension 38, no. 5 (2001): 1112–1117.

29. Lazarus, R., D. Sparrow, and S. T. Weiss. “Alcohol Intake and Insulin Levels. The Normative Aging Study.” American Journal of Epidemiology 145, no. 10 (1997): 909–916.

30. Koppes, L. L., et al. “Moderate Alcohol Consumption Lowers the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.” Diabetes Care 28, no. 3 (2005): 719–725.

31. Shai, I., et al. “Glycemic Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter, Randomized, Clinical Intervention Trial.” Diabetes Care 30, no. 12 (2007): 3011–3016.

32. Corrao, G., et al. “Alcohol and Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis.” Addiction 95, no. 10 (2000): 1505–1523.

33. Szmitko, P. E., and S. Verma. “Antiatherogenic Potential of Red Wine: Clinician Update.” American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 5 (2005): H2023–2030.

34. Shai, I., et al. “Glycemic Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter, Randomized, Clinical Intervention Trial.” Diabetes Care 30, no. 12 (2007): 3011–3016; Brand-Miller, J. C., et al. “Effect of Alcoholic Beverages on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulinemia in Lean, Young, Healthy Adults.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85, no. 6 (2007): 1545–1551.

35. “The History of Coffee.” Сайт NCA. Открыто по адресу www.ncausa.org/about-coffee/history-of-coffee.

36. Ibid.

37. O’Keefe, J. H., et al. “Effects of Habitual Coffee Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Health, and All-Cause Mortality.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 62, no. 12 (2013): 1043–1051.

38. van Dam, R. M., and F. B. Hu. “Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.” JAMA 294, no. 1 (2005): 97–104.

39. Ohnaka, K., et al. “Effects of 16-Week Consumption of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Instant Coffee on Glucose Metabolism in a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012 (2012): 207426.

40. Ibid.

41. Keijzers, G. B., et al. “Caffeine Can Decrease Insulin Sensitivity in Humans.” Diabetes Care 25, no. 2 (2002): 364–369.

42. Ding, M., et al. “Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.” Diabetes Care 37, no. 2 (2014): 569–586; Huxley, R., et al. “Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.” Archives of Internal Medicine 169, no. 22 (2009): 2053–2063.

43. Iso, H., et al. “The Relationship Between Green Tea and Total Caffeine Intake and Risk for Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes Among Japanese Adults.” Annals of Internal Medicine 144, no. 8 (2006): 554–562.

44. DiNicolantonio, J. J., S. C. Lucan, and J. H. O’Keefe. “Is Coffee Harmful? If Looking for Longevity, Say Yes to the Coffee, No to the Sugar.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 89, no. 4 (2014): 576–577.

45. Wedick, N. M., et al. “Effects of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee on Biological Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Nutrition Journal 10 (2011): 93.

46. O’Keefe, J. H., J. J. DiNicolantonio, and C. J. Lavie. “Coffee for Cardioprotection and Longevity.” Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 61, no. 1 (2018).

47. de Koning Gans, J. M., et al. “Tea and Coffee Consumption and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality.” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 30, no. 8 (2010): 1665–1671.

48. Poole, R., et al. “Coffee Consumption and Health: Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Multiple Health Outcomes.” The BMJ 359 (2017): j5024.

49. Gunter, M. J., et al. “Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries: A Multinational Cohort Study.” Annals of Internal Medicine 167, no. 4 (2017): 236–247.

50. Ding, M., et al. “Association of Coffee Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts.” Circulation 132, no. 24 (2015): 2305–2315.

51. Renouf, M., et al. “Plasma Appearance and Correlation Between Coffee and Green Tea Metabolites in Human Subjects.” British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 11 (2010): 1635–1640.

52. Ojha, S., et al. “Neuroprotective Potential of Ferulic Acid in the Rotenone Model of Parkinson’s Disease.” Drug Design, Development and Therapy (2015): 5499–5510; Madeira, M. H., et al. “Having a Coffee Break: The Impact of Caffeine Consumption on Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases.” Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 4761081.

53. Ma, Z. C., et al. “Ferulic Acid Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 via Activation of ERK and Nrf2.” Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 5, no. 6 (2011): 299–305.

54. Graf, E. “Antioxidant Potential of Ferulic Acid.” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 13, no. 4 (1992): 435–448.

55. Ren, Z., et al. “Ferulic Acid Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia/ReperfusionInduced Injury via Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms In Vitro and In Vivo.” International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 5 (2017): 1444–1456.

56. Zhao, J., et al. “Ferulic Acid Enhances the Vasorelaxant Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Induced Inflammatory Rat Aorta.” The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 25, no. 7 (2014): 807–814; Zhao, J., et al. “Ferulic Acid Enhances Nitric Oxide Production Through Up-Regulation of Argininosuccinate Synthase in Inflammatory Human Endothelial Cells.” Life Sciences 145 (2016): 224–232.

57. O’Keefe, J. H., et al. “Effects of Habitual Coffee Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Health, and All-Cause Mortality.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 62, no. 12 (2013): 1043–1051; Neuhauser, B., et al. “Coffee Consumption and Total Body Water Homeostasis as Measured by Fluid Balance and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 41, no. 1 (1997): 29–36.

58. Massey, L. K., and S. J. Whiting. “Caffeine, Urinary Calcium, Calcium Metabolism and Bone.” Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 9 (1993): 1611–1614.

59. Passmore, A. P., G. B. Kondowe, and G. D. Johnston. “Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of Caffeine: A Dose-Response Study.” Clinical Science (Lond) 72, no. 6 (1987): 749–756.

Глава 10

1. Meneely, G. R., and H. D. Battarbee. “High Sodium-Low Potassium Environment and Hypertension.” American Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 6 (1976): 768–785.

2. Dahl, L. K. “Possible Role of Salt Intake in the Development of Essential Hypertension. 1960.” International Journal of Epidemiology 34, no. 5 (2005): 967–972; discussion 972–974, 975–978.

3. Dahl, L. K. “Salt in Processed Baby Foods.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 21, no. 8 (1968): 787–792.

4. См. примечание 2 выше.

5. DiNicolantonio, J. J., and S. C. Lucan. “The Wrong White Crystals: Not Salt but Sugar as Aetiological in Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Disease.” Open Heart 1 (2014): doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014-000167; DiNicolantonio, J. J., S. C. Lucan, and J. H. O’Keefe. “An Unsavory Truth: Sugar, More Than Salt, Predisposes to Hypertension and Chronic Disease.” American Journal of Cardiology 114, no. 7 (2014): 1126–1128.

6. DiNicolantonio, J. J. The Salt Fix: Why the Experts Got It All Wrong – and How Eating More Might Save Your Life. New York: Harmony (2017).

7. Satin, M. “The Salt Debate – Far More Salacious Than Salubrious.” Blood Purification 39, no. 1–3 (2015): 11–15.

8. Gleibermann, L. “Blood Pressure and Dietary Salt in Human Populations.” Ecology of Food and Nutrition 2, no. 2 (1973): 143–156.

9. См. примечание 6 выше.

10. Powles, J., et al. “Global, Regional and National Sodium Intakes in 1990 and 2010: A Systematic Analysis of 24 h Urinary Sodium Excretion and Dietary Surveys Worldwide.” BMJ Open 3, no. 12 (2013). Открыто по адресу https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/12/e003733.

11. См. примечание 8 выше.

12. Ibid.

13. См. примечание 7 выше.

14. Alderman, M. H., H. Cohen, and S. Madhavan. “Dietary Sodium Intake and Mortality: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I).” The Lancet 351, no. 9105 (1998): 781–785.

15. Ibid.

16. McGuire, S., Institute of Medicine. 2013. Sodium Intake in Populations: Assessment of Evidence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2013.

17. Ibid.

18. См. примечание 1 выше.

19. “AACC Members Agree on Definition of Whole Grain.” Открыто по адресу www.aaccnet.org/initiatives/definitions/Documents/WholeGrains/wgflyer.pdf.

20. “Collagen.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen.

21. Sharp, R. L. “Role of Sodium in Fluid Homeostasis with Exercise.” The Journal of the American College of Nutrition 25, no. 3 Suppl (2006): 231s–239s.

22. См. примечание 5 выше.

23. Stolarz-Skrzypek, K., et al. “Fatal and Nonfatal Outcomes, Incidence of Hypertension, and Blood Pressure Changes in Relation to Urinary Sodium Excretion.” JAMA 30, no. 17 (2011): 1777–1785.

24. Feldman, R. D., and N. D. Schmidt. “Moderate Dietary Salt Restriction Increases Vascular and Systemic Insulin Resistance.” American Journal of Hypertension 12, no. 6 (1999): 643–647.

25. Patel, S. M., et al. “Dietary Sodium Reduction Does Not Affect Circulating Glucose Concentrations in Fasting Children or Adults: Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Nutrition 145, no. 3 (2015): 505–513.

26. Graudal, N. A., A. M. Galloe, and P. Garred. “Effects of Sodium Restriction on Blood Pressure, Renin, Aldosterone, Catecholamines, Cholesterols, and Triglyceride: A Meta-Analysis.” JAMA 279, no. 17 (1998): 1383–1391.

27. См. примечание 6 выше.

28. O’Donnell, M., et al. “Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events.” New England Journal of Medicine 371, no. 7 (2014): 612–623.

29. Graudal, N., et al. “Compared with Usual Sodium Intake, Low– and Excessive-Sodium Diets Are Associated with Increased Mortality: A Meta-Analysis.” American Journal of Hypertension 27, no. 9 (2014): 1129–1137.

30. Folkow, B. “Salt and Blood Pressure – Centenarian Bone of Contention.” Lakartidningen 100, no. 40 (2003): 3142–3147.

31. Liedtke, W. B., et al. “Relation of Addiction Genes to Hypothalamic Gene Changes Subserving Genesis and Gratification of a Classic Instinct, Sodium Appetite.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108, no. 30 (2011): 12509–12514.

32. Denton, D. A., M. J. McKinley, and R. S. Weisinger. “Hypothalamic Integration of Body Fluid Regulation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, no. 14 (1996): 7397–7404.

33. Adler, A. J., et al. “Reduced Dietary Salt for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.” Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews 12 (2014): Cd009217.

34. Kelly, J., et al. “The Effect of Dietary Sodium Modification on Blood Pressure in Adults with Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 140 mmHg: A Systematic Review.” JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports 14, no. 6 (2016): 196–237.

35. de Baaij, J. H., J. G. Hoenderop, and R. J. Bindels. “Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease.” Physiological Reviews 95, no. 1 (2015): 1–46.

36. DiNicolantonio, J. J., J. H. O’Keefe, and W. Wilson. “Subclinical Magnesium Deficiency: A Principal Driver of Cardiovascular Disease and a Public Health Crisis.” Open Heart 5, no. 1 (2018): e000668.

37. Guoa, W., et al. “Magnesium Deficiency on Plants: An Urgent Problem.” The Crop Journal 4, no. 2 (2016): 83–91; Thomas, D. “The Mineral Depletion of Foods Available to Us as a Nation (1940–2002) – A Review of the 6th Edition of McCance and Widdowson.” Nutrition and Health 19, no. 1–2 (2007): 21–55.

38. Temple, N. J. “Refined Carbohydrates – A Cause of Suboptimal Nutrient Intake.” Medical Hypotheses 10, no. 4 (1983): 411–424.

39. Costello, R. B., et al. “Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come.” Advances in Nutrition 7, no. 6 (2016): 977–993.

40. Marier, J. R. “Magnesium Content of the Food Supply in the Modern-Day World.” Magnesium 5, no. 1 (1986): 1–8.

41. Tipton, I. H., P. L. Stewart, and J. Dickson. “Patterns of Elemental Excretion in Long Term Balance Studies.” Health Physics 16, no. 4 (1969): 455–462.

42. См. примечание 39 выше.

43. См. примечание 36 выше.

44. Rayssiguier, Y., et al. “Dietary Magnesium Affects Susceptibility of Lipoproteins and Tissues to Peroxidation in Rats.” The Journal of the American College of Nutrition 12, no. 2 (1993): 133–137; Bussiere, L., et al. “Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins from Magnesium-Deficient Rats Are More Susceptible to Oxidation by Cells and Promote Proliferation of Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.” Magnesium Research 8, no. 2 (1995): 151–7; Turlapaty, P. D., and B. M. Altura. “Magnesium Deficiency Produces Spasms of Coronary Arteries: Relationship to Etiology of Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease.” Science 208, no. 4440 (1980): 198–200.

45. См. примечание 36 выше.

46. См. примечание 36 выше.

47. Kodama, N., M. Nishimuta, and K. Suzuki. “Negative Balance of Calcium and Magnesium Under Relatively Low Sodium Intake in Humans.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 49, no. 3 (2003): 201–209.

48. См. примечание 47 выше.

49. Nishimuta, M., et al. “Positive Correlation Between Dietary Intake of Sodium and Balances of Calcium and Magnesium in Young Japanese Adults – Low Sodium Intake Is a Risk Factor for Loss of Calcium and Magnesium.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 51, no. 4 (2005): 265–270.

50. Delva, P., et al. “Intralymphocyte Free Magnesium in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism: Aldosterone and Lymphocyte Magnesium Homeostasis.” Hypertension 35, no. 1 Pt 1 (2000): 113–117.

51. Durlach, J. “Recommended Dietary Amounts of Magnesium: Mg RDA.” Magnesium Research 2, no. 3 (1989): 195–203.

52. См. примечание 36 выше.

53. Rosanoff, A. “Magnesium and Hypertension.” Clinical Calcium 15, no. 2 (2005): 255–260.

54. См. примечание 36 выше.

55. Schuette, S. A., B. A. Lashner, and M. Janghorbani. “Bioavailability of Magnesium Diglycinate vs Magnesium Oxide in Patients with Ileal Resection.” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 18, no. 5 (1994): 430–435.

56. Spasov, A. A., et al. “Comparative Study of Magnesium Salts Bioavailability in Rats Fed a Magnesium-Deficient Diet.” Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk no. 2 (2010): 29–37; Guillard, O., et al. “Unexpected Toxicity Induced by Magnesium Orotate Treatment in Congenital Hypomagnesemia.” Journal of Internal Medicine 252, no. 1 (2002): 88–90.

57. Ibid.

58. Phillips, R., et al. “Citrate Salts for Preventing and Treating Calcium Containing Kidney Stones in Adults.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews no. 10 (2015): Cd010057.

59. Stepura, O. B., and A. I. Martynow. “Magnesium Orotate in Severe Congestive Heart Failure (MACH).” International Journal of Cardiology 131, no. 2 (2009): 293–295.

Глава 11

1. Harcombe, Z., et al. “Evidence from Randomised Controlled Trials Did Not Support the Introduction of Dietary Fat Guidelines in 1977 and 1983: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Open Heart 2, no. 1 (2015): e000196; Harcombe, Z., et al. “Evidence from Randomised Controlled Trials Does Not Support Current Dietary Fat Guidelines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Open Heart 3, 2 (2016): e000409; DiNicolantonio, J. J. “The Cardiometabolic Consequences of Replacing Saturated Fats with Carbohydrates or Ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fats: Do the Dietary Guidelines Have It Wrong?” Open Heart 1 (2014): e000032. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2013-000032; Ravnskov, U., et al. “The Questionable Benefits of Exchanging Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 89, no. 4 (2014): 451–453.

2. Teicholtz, N. The Big Fat Surprise: Why Butter, Meat and Cheese Belong in a Healthy Diet. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014.

3. Barbee, M. Politically Incorrect Nutrition: Finding Reality in the Mire of Food Industry Propaganda. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2004: 27.

4. Bhupathiraju, S. N., and K. L. Tucker. “Coronary Heart Disease Prevention: Nutrients, Foods, and Dietary Patterns.” Clinica Chimica Acta 412, no. 17–18 (2011): 1493–1514.

5. Sun, Q., et al. “A Prospective Study of Trans Fatty Acids in Erythrocytes and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease.” Circulation 115, no. 14 (2007): 1858–1865; Block, R. C., et al. “Omega-6 and Trans Fatty Acids in Blood Cell Membranes: A Risk Factor for Acute Coronary Syndromes?” American Heart Journal 156, no. 6 (2008): 1117–1123; Willett, W. C., et al. “Intake of Trans Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women.” Lancet 341, no. 8845 (1993): 581–555.

6. Grimes, W. “April 24–30; How About Some Popcorn with Your Fat?” The New York Times, May 1, 1994, открыто по адресу www.nytimes.com/1994/05/01/weekinreview/april-24-30-howabout-some-popcorn-with-your-fat.html.

7. Hu, F. B., et al. “Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women.” New England Journal of Medicine 337, no. 21 (1997): 1491–1499.

8. Zaloga, G. P., et al. “Trans Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease.” Nutrition in Clinical Practice 21, no. 5 (2006): 505–512.

9. de Souza, R. J., et al. “Intake of Saturated and Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of All Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.” The BMJ 351 (2015): h3978.

10. См. примечание 4 выше.

11. Fox, M. “WHO Urges All Countries to Ban Trans Fats,” May 14, 2018, NBC News Health News website, открыто по адресу www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/who-urges-all-countries-ban-trans-fats-n873916.

12. Herrera-Camacho, J., et al. “Effect of Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance of Ruminants.” June 21, 2011. Открыто по адресу www.intechopen.com/books/artificial-insemination-in-farmanimals/effect-of-fatty-acids-on-reproductiveperformance-of-ruminants; USDA Food Composition Databases. Открыто по адресу https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/.

13. Ramsden, C. E., et al. “Use of Dietary Linoleic Acid for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease and Death: Evaluation of Recovered Data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and Updated Meta-Analysis.” The BMJ 346 (2013): e8707.

14. Ramsden, C. E., et al. “n-6 Fatty Acid-Specific and Mixed Polyunsaturate Dietary Interventions Have Different Effects on CHD Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.” British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 11 (2010): 1586–1600.

15. См. примечание 1 выше.

16. Whoriskey, P. “This Study 40 Years Ago Could Have Reshaped the American Diet. But It Was Never Fully Published.” The Washington Post, April 12, 2016, открыто по адресу www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/04/12/this-study-40-years-ago-could-have-reshaped-the-americandiet-but-it-was-never-fully-published/?utm_term=.2cb42d8134f2.

17. Chowdhury, R., et al. “Association of Dietary, Circulating, and Supplement Fatty Acids with Coronary Risk: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis.” Annals of Internal Medicine 160, no. 6 (2014): 398–406.

18. Siri-Tarino, P. W., et al. “Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Evaluating the Association of Saturated Fat with Cardiovascular Disease.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 3 (2010): 535–546.

19. Deghan, M., et al. “Associations of Fats and Carbohydrate Intake with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in 18 Countries from Five Continents (PURE): A Prospective Cohort Study.” The Lancet 390, no. 10107 (2017): 2050–2062.

20. Christiansen, E., et al. “Intake of a Diet High in Trans Monounsaturated Fatty Acids or Saturated Fatty Acids. Effects on Postprandial Insulinemia and Glycemia in Obese Patients with NIDDM.” Diabetes Care 20, no. 5 (1997): 881–887.

21. Vessby, B., et al. “Substituting Dietary Saturated for Monounsaturated Fat Impairs Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men and Women: The KANWU Study.” Diabetologia 44, no. 3 (2001): 312–319.

22. Piers, L. S., et al. “Substitution of Saturated with Monounsaturated Fat in a 4-Week Diet Affects Body Weight and Composition of Overweight and Obese Men.” British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 3 (2003): 717–727.

23. Ikemoto, S., et al. “High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia and Obesity in Mice: Differential Effects of Dietary Oils.” Metabolism 45, no. 12 (1996): 1539–1546.

24. Kien, C. L., J. Y. Bunn, and F. Ugrasbul. “Increasing Dietary Palmitic Acid Decreases Fat Oxidation and Daily Energy Expenditure.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82, no. 2 (2005): 320–326.

25. Kastorini, C. M., et al. “The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: A Meta-Analysis of 50 Studies and 534,906 Individuals.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, no. 11 (2011): 1299–1313.

26. Jones, P. J., P. B. Pencharz, and M. T. Clandinin. “Whole Body Oxidation of Dietary Fatty Acids: Implications for Energy Utilization.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, no. 5 (1985): 769–777.

27. Piers, L. S., et al. “The Influence of the Type of Dietary Fat on Postprandial Fat Oxidation Rates: Monounsaturated (Olive Oil) Vs Saturated Fat (Cream).” International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 26, no. 6 (2002): 814–821.

28. Kien, C. L., and J. Y. Bunn. “Gender Alters the Effects of Palmitate and Oleate on Fat Oxidation and Energy Expenditure.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 16, no. 1 (2008): 29–33.

29. Soares, M. J., et al. “The Acute Effects of Olive Oil V. Cream on Postprandial Thermogenesis and Substrate Oxidation in Postmenopausal Women.” British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 2 (2004): 245–252.

30. Piers, L. S., et al. “Substitution of Saturated with Monounsaturated Fat in a 4-Week Diet Affects Body Weight and Composition of Overweight and Obese Men.” British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 3 (2003): 717–727; Piers, L. S., et al. “The Influence of the Type of Dietary Fat on Postprandial Fat Oxidation Rates: Monounsaturated (Olive Oil) Vs Saturated Fat (Cream).” International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 26, no. 6 (2002): 814–821; Thomsen, C., et al. “Differential Effects of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fats on Postprandial Lipemia and GlucagonLike Peptide 1 Responses in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, no. 3 (2003): 605–611; Thomsen, C., et al. “Differential Effects of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Postprandial Lipemia and Incretin Responses in Healthy Subjects.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 6 (1999): 1135–1143.

31. Feranil, A. B., et al. “Coconut Oil Is Associated with a Beneficial Lipid Profile in Pre-Menopausal Women in the Philippines.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20, no. 2 (2011): 190–195.

32. Babu, A. S., et al. “Virgin Coconut Oil and Its Potential Cardioprotective Effects.” Postgrad Medicine 126, no. 7 (2014): 76–83.

33. St-Onge, M. P., et al. “Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil Consumption as Part of a Weight Loss Diet Does Not Lead to an Adverse Metabolic Profile When Compared to Olive Oil.” The Journal of the American College of Nutrition 27, no. 5 (2008): 547–552.

34. Nosaka, N., et al. “Effects of Margarine Containing Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols on Body Fat Reduction in Humans.” Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 10, no. 5 (2003): 290–298.

35. Stubbs, R. J., and C. G. Harbron. “Covert Manipulation of the Ratio of Medium– to Long-Chain Triglycerides in Isoenergetically Dense Diets: Effect on Food Intake in Ad Libitum Feeding Men.” International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 20, no. 5 (1996): 435–444.

36. Van Wymelbeke, V., et al. “Influence of MediumChain and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols on the Control of Food Intake in Men.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, no. 2 (1998): 226–234.

37. Scalfi, L., A. Coltorti, and F. Contaldo. “Postprandial Thermogenesis in Lean and Obese Subjects After Meals Supplemented with Medium-Chain and Long-Chain Triglycerides.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, no. 5 (1991): 1130–1133.

38. Heid, M. “You Asked: Is Coconut Oil Healthy?” Time, April 26, 2017, открыто по адресу www.time.com/4755761/coconut-oil-healthy/.

39. St-Onge, M. P., and P. J. Jones. “Physiological Effects of Medium-Chain Triglycerides: Potential Agents in the Prevention of Obesity.” The Journal of Nutrition 132, no. 3 (2002): 329–332.

40. Lindeberg, S., and B. Lundh. “Apparent Absence of Stroke and Ischaemic Heart Disease in a Traditional Melanesian Island: A Clinical Study in Kitava.” Journal of Internal Medicine 233, no. 3 (1993): 269–275.

41. Stanhope, J. M., and I. A. Prior. “The Tokelau Island Migrant Study: Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus.” New Zealand Medical Journal 92, no. 673 (1980): 417–421.

42. de Oliveira Otto, M. C., et al. “Serial Measures of Circulating Biomarkers of Dairy Fat and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 3 (2018): 476–484.

43. Yakoob, M. Y., et al. “Circulating Biomarkers of Dairy Fat and Risk of Incident Stroke in U.S. Men and Women in 2 Large Prospective Cohorts.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100, no. 6 (2014): 1437–1447.

44. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. “New Research Could Banish Guilty Feeling for Consuming Whole Dairy Products.” Сайт Science Daily, открыто по адресу www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180711182735.htm.

45. Aune, D., et al. “Dairy Products and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 98, no. 4 (2013): 1066–1083.

46. Astrup, A. “A Changing View on Saturated Fatty Acids and Dairy: From Enemy to Friend.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100, no. 6 (2014): 1407–1408.

47. Freeman, A. M., et al. “Trending Cardiovascular Nutrition Controversies.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 69, no. 9 (2017): 1172–1187.

48. Eckel, R. H., et al. “2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63, no. 25 Pt B (2014): 2960–2984.

49. Covas, M. I., et al. “The Effect of Polyphenols in Olive Oil on Heart Disease Risk Factors: A Randomized Trial.” Annals of Internal Medicine 145, no. 5 (2006): 333–341.

50. Wiseman, S. A., et al. “Dietary Non-Tocopherol Antioxidants Present in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Increase the Resistance of Low Density Lipoproteins to Oxidation in Rabbits.” Atherosclerosis 120, no. 1–2 (1996): 15–23; Caruso, D., et al. “Effect of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds on In Vitro Oxidation of Human Low Density Lipoproteins.” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 9, no. 3 (1999): 102–107; Coni, E., et al. “Protective Effect of Oleuropein, an Olive Oil Biophenol, on Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidizability in Rabbits.” Lipids 35, no. 1 (2000): 45–54.

51. Aviram, M., and K. Eias. “Dietary Olive Oil Reduces Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake by Macrophages and Decreases the Susceptibility of the Lipoprotein to Undergo Lipid Peroxidation.” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37, no. 2 (1993): 75–84.

52. Bogani, P., et al. “Postprandial Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil.” Atherosclerosis 190, no. 1 (2007): 181–186.

53. Pacheco, Y. M., et al. “Minor Compounds of Olive Oil Have Postprandial Anti-Inflammatory Effects.” British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 2 (2007): 260–263.

54. Fabiani, R., et al. “Oxidative DNA Damage Is Prevented by Extracts of Olive Oil, Hydroxytyrosol, and Other Olive Phenolic Compounds in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells and HL60 Cells.” The Journal of Nutrition 138, no. 8 (2008): 1411–1416.

55. Moreno-Luna, R., et al. “Olive Oil Polyphenols Decrease Blood Pressure and Improve Endothelial Function in Young Women with Mild Hypertension.” American Journal of Hypertension 25, no. 12 (2012): 1299–1304.

56. DiNicolantonio, J. J., et al. “Omega-3s and Cardiovascular Health.” Ochsner Journal 14, no. 3 (2014): 399–412.

57. DiNicolantonio, J. J., P. Meier, and J. H. O’Keefe. “Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Do Formulation, Dosage & Comparator Matter?” Missouri Medicine 110, no. 6 (2013): 495–498.

58. Hulbert, A. J., and P. L. Else. “Membranes as Possible Pacemakers of Metabolism.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 199, no. 3 (1999): 257–274; Smith, G. I., et al. “Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Increases the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93, no. 2 (2011): 402–412; Whitehouse, A. S., et al. “Mechanism of Attenuation of Skeletal Muscle Protein Catabolism in Cancer Cachexia by Eicosapentaenoic Acid.” Cancer Research 61, no. 9 (2001): 3604–3609.

59. См. примечание 29 выше.

60. Deutsch, L. “Evaluation of the Effect of Neptune Krill Oil on Chronic Inflammation and Arthritic Symptoms.” The Journal of the American College of Nutrition 26, no. 1 (2007): 39–48.

61. Sampalis, F., et al. “Evaluation of the Effects of Neptune Krill Oil in the Management of Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea.” Alternative Medicine Review 8, no. 2 (2003): 171–179.

62. Bunea, R., K. El Farrah, and L. Deutsch. “Evaluation of the Effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the Clinical Course of Hyperlipidemia.” Alternative Medicine Review 9, no. 4 (2004): 420–428.

63. Bower, B. “Human Ancestors Had Taste for Meat, Brains.” Science News, May 3, 2013, открыто по адресу www.sciencenews.org/article/human-ancestors-had-taste-meat-brains.

64. Cordain, L., et al. “Fatty Acid Analysis of Wild Ruminant Tissues: Evolutionary Implications for Reducing Diet-Related Chronic Disease.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, no. 3 (2002): 181–191.

65. Nguyen, L. N., et al. “Mfsd2a Is a Transporter for the Essential Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid.” Nature 509, no. 7501 (2014): 503–506; Alakbarzade, V., et al. “A Partially Inactivating Mutation in the Sodium-Dependent Lysophosphatidylcholine Transporter MFSD2A Causes a Non-Lethal Microcephaly Syndrome.” Nature Genetics 47, no. 7 (2015): 814–817; Guemez-Gamboa, A., et al. “Inactivating Mutations in MFSD2A, Required for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Transport in Brain, Cause a Lethal Microcephaly Syndrome.” Nature Genetics 47, no. 7 (2015): 809–813.

66. Bunea, R., K. El Farrah, and L. Deutsch. “Evaluation of the Effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the Clinical Course of Hyperlipidemia.” Alternative Medicine Review 9, no. 4 (2004): 420–428; “Neptune Krill Oil.” Открыто по адресу https://nutrisan-export.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/productinfoNKO.pdf; Batetta, B., et al. “Endocannabinoids May Mediate the Ability of (n-3) Fatty Acids to Reduce Ectopic Fat and Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Zucker Rats.” The Journal of Nutrition 139, 8 (2009): 1495–1501; Nishida, Y., et al. “Quenching Activities of Common Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants Against Singlet Oxygen Using Chemiluminescence Detection System.” Carotenoid Science 11, no. 6 (2007): 16–20; “This Powerhouse Antioxidant Slips Through Your Cell Membranes with Ease to Help Protect Your Brain, Heart, Eyes, Lungs, Muscles, Joints, Skin, Mitochondria and More… Are You Getting Enough?” Сайт Dr. Mercola, открыто по адресу https://products.mercola.com/astaxanthin/

Глава 12

1. Miyagi, S., et al. “Longevity and Diet in Okinawa, Japan: The Past, Present and Future.” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 15 Suppl (2003): S3–9.

2. Willcox, D. C., et al. “The Okinawan Diet: Health Implications of a Low-Calorie, Nutrient-Dense, Antioxidant-Rich Dietary Pattern Low in Glycemic Load.” The Journal of the American College of Nutrition 28 Suppl (2009): 500s–516s.

3. Sho, H. “History and Characteristics of Okinawan Longevity Food.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 10, no. 2 (2001): 159–164.

4. Willcox, B. J., et al. “Caloric Restriction, the Traditional Okinawan Diet, and Healthy Aging: The Diet of The World’s Longest-Lived People and Its Potential Impact on Morbidity and Life Span.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1114 (2007): 434–455.

5. См. примечание 2 выше.

6. См. примечание 4 выше.

7. “The Elixir of Life.” Сайт The Daily Dish, открыто по адресуwww.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2007/10/the-elixir-of-life/224942/.

8. Poulain, M., et al. “Identification of a Geographic Area Characterized by Extreme Longevity in the Sardinia Island: The AKEA Study.” Experimental Gerontology 39, no. 9 (2004): 1423–1429.

9. Pes, G. M., et al. “Male Longevity in Sardinia, a Review of Historical Sources Supporting a Causal Link with Dietary Factors.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 4 (2015): 411–418.

10. Rizzo, N. S., et al. “Vegetarian Dietary Patterns Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: The Adventist Health Study 2.” Diabetes Care 34, no. 5 (2011): 1225–1227; Tantamango-Bartley, Y., et al. “Vegetarian Diets and the Incidence of Cancer in a Low-Risk Population.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 22, no. 2 (2013): 286–294.

11. Kiani, F., et al. “Dietary Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer: The Adventist Health Study (United States).” Cancer Causes & Control 17, no. 2 (2006): 137–146; “The Adventist Health Study: Findings for Cancer.” Loma Linda University School of Public Health, открыто по адресу https://publichealth.llu.edu/adventisthealth-studies/findings/findings-past-studies/adventist-health-study-findings-cancer.

12. Buettner, D. The Blue Zones Solution: Eating and Living Like the World’s Healthiest People. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society (2015).

13. Rosero-Bixby, L., W. H. Dow, and D. H. Rehkopf. “The Nicoya Region of Costa Rica: A High Longevity Island for Elderly Males.” Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 11 (2013): 109–136.

14. Shah, Y. “5 Things the Greeks Can Teach Us About Aging Well.” The Huffington Post, December 6, 2017, открыто по адресу www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/22/longevity-greece-_n_5128337.html.

15. Buettner, D. “The Island Where People Forget to Die.” The New York Times, October 28, 2012, открыто по адресу www.nytimes.com/2012/10/28/magazine/the-island-where-people-forget-to-die.html.

16. Ibid.

17. Sarri, K. O., et al. “Effects of Greek Orthodox Christian Church Fasting on Serum Lipids and Obesity.” BMC Public Health 3 (2003): 16.

18. Shikany, J. M., et al. “Southern Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Hazard of Acute Coronary Heart Disease in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.” Circulation 132, no. 9 (2015): 804–814.

19. Alles, B., et al. “Comparison of Sociodemographic and Nutritional Characteristics Between SelfReported Vegetarians, Vegans, and Meat-Eaters from the NutriNet-Sante Study.” Nutrients 9, no. 9 (2017): E1023.

20. Martins, M. C. T., et al. “A New Approach to Assess Lifetime Dietary Patterns Finds Lower Consumption of Animal Foods with Aging in a Longitudinal Analysis of a Health-Oriented Adventist Population.” Nutrients 9, no. 10 (2017): E1118.

21. Davis, C., et al. “Definition of the Mediterranean Diet; a Literature Review.” Nutrients 7, no. 11 (2015): 9139–9153.

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